Re: [Ace] EDHOC standardization

[Jim Schaad <[e-mail]>]

John,

In the analysis that I did I very deliberately used TLS not DTLS.  The main reason for using DTLS is because one is operating in the UDP environment and one cannot have reliable in order delivery.  Since EDHOC is being built on top of CoAP, one can use CoAP to create reliable in order delivery.  Thus the extra bytes that DTLS has to deal with this are not needed.

Jim


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ace <[e-mail]> On Behalf Of John Mattsson
> Sent: Wednesday, November 21, 2018 7:03 AM
> To: [e-mail]; [e-mail]
> Cc: Benjamin Kaduk <[e-mail]>; [e-mail]
> Subject: Re: [Ace] EDHOC standardization
> 
> Hi all,
> 
> Inspired by the discussion in this thread, I did more detailed calculations of the
> number of bytes when DTLS 1.3 is used for typical IoT use cases (PSK, RPK,
> Connection ID). The plan is to add this information to draft-ietf-lwig-security-
> protocol-comparison as this has been requested by several people. I think some
> bytes were missing in the earlier estimates for TLS 1.3, and as Ben commented,
> DTLS 1.3 adds some bytes compared to TLS 1.3.
> 
> ================================================================
> ==============
> Flight                                #1         #2        #3       Total
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 RPK + ECDHE                 149        373       213        735
> DTLS 1.3 PSK + ECDHE                 186        190        57        433
> DTLS 1.3 PSK                         136        150        57        343
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> EDHOC    RPK + ECDHE                  38        121        86        245
> EDHOC    PSK + ECDHE                  43         47        12        102
> ================================================================
> ==============
>                                  Number of bytes
> 
> Assumptions:
> - Minimum number of algorithms and cipher suites offered
> - Curve25519, ECDSA with P-256, AES-CCM_8, SHA-256
> - Length of key identifiers: 4 bytes
> - Connection identifiers: 1 byte
> - The DTLS RPKs use point compression (saves 32 bytes)
> - No DTLS handshake message fragmentation
> - Only mandatory DTLS extentions, except for connection ID
> - Version 30 https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-dtls13-30
> 
> (EDHOC numbers are for the soon to be published -11 version with cipher
> suites)
> 
> I hope this information is useful for people. Please comment if I missed
> something or if you have any suggestion of things to add or how to present
> things. I do not know currently how these numbers compare to DTLS 1.2.
> 
> Below is detailed information about where the byte in different flights as well
> as the RPKs (SubjectPublicKeyInfo). Most of the bytes should have the correct
> value, but most of the length fields are just written as LL LL LL. Below is also
> information about how resumption, cached information [RFC 7924], and not
> using Connection ID affects the number of bytes.
> 
> 
> ======================================================
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #1 RPK + ECDHE
> ======================================================
> 
> Record Header - DTLSPlaintext (13 bytes)
> 16 fe fd EE EE SS SS SS SS SS SS LL LL
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Client Hello (10 bytes)
> 	01 LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Legacy Version (2 bytes)
> 		fe fd
> 
> 		Client Random (32 bytes)
> 		00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14
> 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> 		Legacy Session ID (1 bytes)
> 		00
> 
> 		Cipher Suites (TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256) (4 bytes)
> 		00 02 13 05
> 
> 		Compression Methods (null) (2 bytes)
> 		01 00
> 
> 		Extensions Length (2 bytes)
> 		LL LL
> 
> 			Extension - Supported Groups (x25519) (8 bytes)
> 			00 0a 00 04 00 02 00 1d
> 
> 			Extension - Signature Algorithms
> (ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256) (8 bytes)
> 			00 0d 00 04 00 02 08 07
> 
> 			Extension - Key Share (42 bytes)
> 			00 33 00 26 00 24 00 1d 00 20
> 			00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11
> 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> 			Extension - Supported Versions (1.3) (7 bytes)
> 			00 2b 00 03 02 03 04
> 
> 			Extension - Client Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6
> bytes)
> 			00 13 00 01 01 02
> 
> 			Extension - Server Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6
> bytes)
> 			00 14 00 01 01 02
> 
> 			Extension - Connection Identifier (43) (6 bytes)
> 			XX XX 00 02 01 42
> 
> 13 + 10 + 2 + 32 + 1 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 8 + 8 + 42 + 7 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 149 bytes
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #1 PSK + ECDHE
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Differences compared to RPK + ECDHE
> 
> + Extension - PSK Key Exchange Modes (6 bytes)
>   00 2d 00 02 01 01
> 
> + Extension - Pre Shared Key (51 bytes)
>   00 29 00 2F
>   00 0a 00 04 ID ID ID ID 00 00 00 00
>   00 21 20 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14 15
> 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> - Extension - Signature Algorithms (ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256) (8 bytes)
> 
> - Extension - Client Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6 bytes)
> 
> - Extension - Server Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6 bytes)
> 
> 149 + 6 + 51 - 8 - 6 - 6 = 186 bytes
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #1 PSK
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Differences compared to PSK + ECDHE
> 
> - Extension - Supported Groups (x25519) (8 bytes)
> 
> - Extension - Key Share (42 bytes)
> 
> 186 - 8 - 42 = 136 bytes
> 
> 
> 
> ======================================================
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #2  RPK + ECDHE
> ======================================================
> 
> Record Header - DTLSPlaintext (13 bytes)
> 16 fe fd EE EE SS SS SS SS SS SS LL LL
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Server Hello (10 bytes)
> 	02 LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Legacy Version (2 bytes)
> 		fe fd
> 
> 		Server Random (32 bytes)
> 		00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14
> 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> 		Legacy Session ID (1 bytes)
> 		00
> 
> 		Cipher Suite (TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256) (2 bytes)
> 		13 05
> 
> 		Compression Method (null) (1 bytes)
> 		00
> 
> 		Extensions Length (2 bytes)
> 		LL LL
> 
> 			Extension - Key Share (40 bytes)
> 			00 33 00 24 00 1d 00 20
> 			00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11
> 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> 			Extension - Supported Versions (1.3) (6 bytes)
> 			00 2b 00 02 03 04
> 
> 			Extension - Connection Identifier (43) (6 bytes)
> 			XX XX 00 02 01 43
> 
> Record Header - DTLSCiphertext, Full (6 bytes) HH ES SS 43 LL LL
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Encrypted Extensions (10 bytes)
> 	08 LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Extensions Length (2 bytes)
> 		LL LL
> 
> 			Extension - Client Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6
> bytes)
> 			00 13 00 01 01 02
> 
> 			Extension - Server Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6
> bytes)
> 			00 14 00 01 01 02
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Certificate Request (10 bytes)
> 	0d LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Request Context (1 bytes)
> 		00
> 
> 		Extensions Length (2 bytes)
> 		LL LL
> 
> 			Extension - Signature Algorithms
> (ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256) (8 bytes)
> 			00 0d 00 04 00 02 08 07
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Certificate (10 bytes)
> 	0b LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Request Context (1 bytes)
> 		00
> 
> 		Certificate List Length (3 bytes)
> 		LL LL LL
> 
> 		Certificate Length (3 bytes)
> 		LL LL LL
> 
> 		Certificate (59 bytes) // Point compression
> 		....
> 
> 		Certificate Extensions (2 bytes)
> 		00 00
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Certificate Verify (10 bytes)
> 	0f LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Signature  (68 bytes)
> 		ZZ ZZ 00 40 ....
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Finished (10 bytes)
> 	14 LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Verify Data (32 bytes)
> 		00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14
> 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> 	Record Type (1 byte)
> 	16
> 
> Auth Tag (8 bytes)
> e0 8b 0e 45 5a 35 0a e5
> 
> 13 + 102 + 6 + 24 + 21 + 78 + 78 + 42 + 1 + 8 = 373 bytes
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #2 PSK + ECDHE
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Differences compared to RPK + ECDHE
> 
> - Handshake Message Certificate (78 bytes)
> 
> - Handshake Message CertificateVerify (78 bytes)
> 
> - Handshake Message CertificateRequest (21 bytes)
> 
> - Extension - Client Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6 bytes)
> 
> - Extension - Server Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6 bytes)
> 
> + Extension - Pre Shared Key (6 bytes)
>   00 29 00 02 00 00
> 
> 373 - 78 - 78 - 21 - 6 - 6  + 6 = 190 bytes
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #2 PSK
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Differences compared to PSK + ECDHE
> 
> - Extension - Key Share (40 bytes)
> 
> 190 - 40 = 150 bytes
> 
> 
> 
> ======================================================
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #3 RPK + ECDHE
> ======================================================
> 
> Record Header (6 bytes) // DTLSCiphertext, Full ZZ ES SS 42 LL LL
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Certificate (10 bytes)
> 	0b LL LL LL SS SS XX XX XX LL LL LL
> 
> 		Request Context (1 bytes)
> 		00
> 
> 		Certificate List Length (3 bytes)
> 		LL LL LL
> 
> 		Certificate Length (3 bytes)
> 		LL LL LL
> 
> 		Certificate (59 bytes) // Point compression
> 		....
> 
> 		Certificate Extensions (2 bytes)
> 		00 00
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Certificate Verify (10 bytes)
> 	0f LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Signature  (68 bytes)
> 		04 03 LL LL //ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256
> 		00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14
> 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 		00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14
> 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> 	Handshake Header - Finished (10 bytes)
> 	14 LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Verify Data (32 bytes) // SHA-256
> 		00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14
> 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> 	Record Type (1 byte)
> 	16
> 
> Auth Tag (8 bytes) // AES-CCM_8
> 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
> 
> 6 + 78 + 78 + 42 + 1 + 8 = 213 bytes
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #3 PSK + ECDHE
> -----------------------------------------------------
> 
> Differences compared to RPK + ECDHE
> 
> - Handshake Message Certificate (78 bytes)
> 
> - Handshake Message Certificate Verify (78 bytes)
> 
> 213 - 78 - 78 = 57 bytes
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #3 PSK
> -----------------------------------------------------
> 
> Differences compared to PSK + ECDHE
> 
> None
> 
> 57 bytes
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ======================================================
> DTLS 1.3 - Cached information [RFC 7924]
> ======================================================
> 
> - Cached information together with server X.509 can be used to move bytes
> from flight #2 to flight #1
>   (cached RPK increases the number of bytes compared to cached X.509)
> 
> Differences compared to RPK + ECDHE
> 
> Flight #1
> 
> - Extension - Server Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6 bytes)
> 
> + Extension - Client Cashed Information (39 bytes)
>   00 19 LL LL LL LL
>   01 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
> 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
> 
> 149 + 33 = 182 bytes
> 
> Flight #2
> 
> - Extension - Server Certificate Type (Raw Public Key) (6 bytes)
> 
> + Extension - Server Cashed Information (7 bytes)
>   00 19 LL LL LL LL 01
> 
> - Server Certificate (59 bytes -> 32 bytes)
> 
> 373 - 26 = 347 bytes
> 
> ================================================================
> ==============
> Flight                                #1         #2        #3       Total
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 Cached X.509/RPK + ECDHE    182        347       213        742
> DTLS 1.3 RPK + ECDHE                 149        373       213        735
> ================================================================
> ==============
> 
> 
> 
> ======================================================
> DTLS 1.3 - Resumption
> ======================================================
> 
> To enable resumption, a 4th flight (New Session Ticket) is added
> 
> Flight #4 - New Session Ticket
> 
> Record Header - DTLSCiphertext, Full (6 bytes) HH ES SS 43 LL LL
> 
> 	Handshake Header - New Session Ticket (10 bytes)
> 	04 LL LL LL SS SS 00 00 00 LL LL LL
> 
> 		Ticket Lifetime (4 bytes)
> 		00 01 02 03
> 
> 		Ticket Age Add (4 bytes)
> 		00 01 02 03
> 
> 		Ticket Nonce (2 bytes)
> 		01 00
> 
> 		Ticket (6 bytes)
> 		00 04 ID ID ID ID
> 
> 		Extensions (2 bytes)
> 		00 00
> 
> Auth Tag (8 bytes) // AES-CCM_8
> 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
> 
> 6 + 10 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 8 = 42 bytes
> 
> The resumption handshake is just a PSK handshake with 136 + 150 + 57 = 343
> bytes
> 
> ================================================================
> ==============
> Flight                                      #1     #2     #3     #4    Total
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 RPK + ECDHE + NewSessionTicket    149    373    213     42      777
> DTLS 1.3 PSK (resumption)                  136    150     57             343
> ================================================================
> ==============
> 
> 
> 
> ======================================================
> DTLS 1.3 - Connection ID
> ======================================================
> 
> Without a Connection ID the DTLS 1.3 flight sizes changes as follows
> 
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #1:   -6 bytes
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #2:   -7 bytes
> DTLS 1.3 Flight #3:   -1 byte
> 
> 
> 
> ================================================================
> ==============
> Flight                                #1         #2        #3       Total
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> DTLS 1.3 RPK + ECDHE (no cid)        143        364       212        721
> DTLS 1.3 PSK + ECDHE (no cid)        180        183        56        419
> DTLS 1.3 PSK (no cid)                130        143        56        329
> ================================================================
> ==============
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ======================================================
> DTLS Raw Public Keys
> ======================================================
> 
> SubjectPublicKeyInfo without point compression
> -----------------------------------------------------
> 
> 0x30 // Sequence
> 0x59 // Size 89
> 
> 0x30 // Sequence
> 0x13 // Size 19
> 0x06 0x07 0x2A 0x86 0x48 0xCE 0x3D 0x02 0x01.     // OID 1.2.840.10045.2.1
> (ecPublicKey)
> 0x06 0x08 0x2A 0x86 0x48 0xCE 0x3D 0x03 0x01 0x07 // OID
> 1.2.840.10045.3.1.7 (secp256r1)
> 
> 0x03 // Bit string
> 0x42 // Size 66
> 0x00 // Unused bits 0
> 0x04 // Uncompressed
> ...... 64 bytes X and Y
> 
> Total of 91 bytes
> 
> SubjectPublicKeyInfo with point compression
> -----------------------------------------------------
> 
> 0x30 // Sequence
> 0x59 // Size 89
> 
> 0x30 // Sequence
> 0x13 // Size 19
> 0x06 0x07 0x2A 0x86 0x48 0xCE 0x3D 0x02 0x01.     // OID 1.2.840.10045.2.1
> (ecPublicKey)
> 0x06 0x08 0x2A 0x86 0x48 0xCE 0x3D 0x03 0x01 0x07 // OID
> 1.2.840.10045.3.1.7 (secp256r1)
> 
> 0x03 // Bit string
> 0x42 // Size 66
> 0x00 // Unused bits 0
> 0x03 // Compressed
> ...... 32 bytes X
> 
> Total of 59 bytes
> 
> 
> ======================================================
> Helpful Sources of Information
> ======================================================
> 
> In addition to relevant RFCs and the estimates done by Jim, the following
> references were helpful:
> 
> Every Byte Explained: The Illustrated TLS 1.3 Connection
> https://tls13.ulfheim.net/
> 
> Digital Certificates for the Internet of Things https://kth.diva-
> portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1153958/FULLTEXT01.pdf
> 
> /John
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Benjamin Kaduk <[e-mail]>
> Date: Saturday, 3 November 2018 at 15:59
> To: John Mattsson <[e-mail]>
> Cc: "[e-mail]" <[e-mail]>, "[e-mail]"
> <[e-mail]>
> Subject: Re: [Ace] EDHOC standardization
> 
> On Fri, Nov 02, 2018 at 02:55:54PM +0000, John Mattsson wrote:
> > Hi Benjamin, Salvador
> >
> > While DTLS 1.3 have done a very good job of lowering the overhead of the
> record layer when application data is sent (see e.g.
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lwig-security-protocol-comparison-01 for a
> comparison between different protocols), I do not think the handshake protocol
> is much leaner (is it leaner at all?).
> 
> (There are some handshake messages that are removed entirely.)
> 
> > We tried to make an fair comparison between EDHOC and TLS 1.3 in the
> presentation at IETF 101 (see
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/101/materials/slides-101-ace-key-
> exchange-w-oscore-00). Since then, we have significantly optimized the
> encoding in EDHOC and the upcoming version (-11) is expected to have the
> following message sizes.
> >
> >    Auth.               PSK       RPK       x5t     x5chain
> >    --------------------------------------------------------------------
> >    EDHOC message_1      43        38        38        38
> >    EDHOC message_2      47       121       127       117 + Certificate chain
> >    EDHOC message_3      12        86        92        82 + Certificate chain
> >    --------------------------------------------------------------------
> >    Total               102       245       257       237 + Certificate chains
> >
> > As Salvador writes, the handshakes in TLS 1.3 and DTLS 1.3 are basically the
> same, so the numbers presented at IETF 101 should be a good estimate also for
> DTLS 1.3.
> >
> >    Auth.                PSK       RPK
> >    --------------------------------------------------------------------
> >    (D)TLS message_1     142       107
> >    (D)TLS message_2     135       264
> >    (D)TLS message_3      51       167
> >    --------------------------------------------------------------------
> >    Total                328       538
> 
> Thanks for the numbers!
> 
> > The numbers above include ECDHE. For handshake messages, my
> understanding is that the DTLS 1.3 and TLS 1.3 record layer have exactly the
> same size.
> 
> The DTLS 1.3 ones will be worse, due to the epoch and sequence number fields.
> 
> -Ben
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ace mailing list
> [e-mail]
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ace