Re: [Anima-bootstrap] Voucher signing method

> On May 2, 2017, at 7:22 PM, Kent Watsen <kwatsen@juniper.net> wrote:
> 
> 
> I've had some time now to investigate JWS, in particular, reproducing some examples in RFCs 7515 and 7520 using nothing but shell scripts and the `openssl` command line utility.

Excellent. I look forward to hearing what tool you used to convert the openssl dgst signature to the JWS form. 

> I want to like JWS, but I wish the header was in a more technology-neutral format, it being JSON seems weird to me.

Given that we’re already using JSON (with discussion of CBOR) this doesn’t seem relevant since we aren’t technology-neutral either. I don’t know that there is such a thing as a technology neutral header. 

>  Had this been done, it would be a nice general-purpose signature format.  Size wise, JWS grows the size of the data 33% when b64 encoding it for the "compact serialization" form, which is actually a 65-character alphabet including '.'.  It seems that a binary header could've also allowed for a binary payload and signature, which would've been perfect, in my opinion.  [Of course, the entire binary blob could still be base64url-encoded for those that want it, without forcing it on those that don’t]

In either PKCS7 or JWT we’re using a base64 encoding to transmit the final result over the HTTPS/REST interface. With ACE discussions moving toward CoAP w/ CBOR they’ll have the option of “CWT” or “PKCS7 binary in a CBOR”.

> The example voucher you obtained from mcr wasn't as trimmed down as it could've been, using the -noattr and -nocert options, which is one reason the asn1parse dump looks as busy as it does.  Another being that the owner/domain-cert-trusted-ca encode very different certs (is one ec while the other is rsa?)

I read this as an argument in favor of a strict profile of PKCS7 if we’re going to stick with that format. Of course Postel’s law (“be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept”) implies that relying parties would have to deal with the more complex ASN1 encodings — which results in the basic issue of complex ASN1 parsers on the endpoints.  

> In the end, JWS appears to be just another signature format with its own set of peculiarities.  And given that we already have to support ASN.1 (the voucher encodes both an X.509 cert as well as a X.509 certificate chain), not to mention the need for the MASA to have a PKIX infrastructure, it's not clear to me if this is a good trade at all.
> 
> Lastly, as mentioned before, my netconf zerotouch draft uses CMS/PKCS7 elsewhere.  While it would be trivial to update the draft to use a JWS-based format, it would be awkward for clients to have to consider it at all.

But with that approach we’ll never kill off asn1. :(

- max

> 
> Kent
> 
> 
> -----ORIGINAL MESSAGE-----
> 
> Folks, in Chicago we discussed the signing method for vouchers. 
> 
> Because the voucher is JSON, and there is expectation of a CBOR encoding for future work, there is an open discussion point about using the JWS/COSE signing methods; if not JWT/CWT. There was brief discussion of this at IETF98 and one person indicated they liked PKCS7, others indicates JWT and others did not speak up. Fully meeting minutes might provide more information but my recollection was that we’d move the discussion to the list. This thread is for that discussion. 
> 
> The current text of draft-ietf-anima-voucher-02 is:
> 
>> The voucher is signed a PKCS#7 SignedData structure, as specified by Section 9.1
>> of [RFC2315], encoded using ASN.1 distinguished encoding rules (DER), as specified in ITU-T X.690.
> 
> 
> For concrete discussion, the proposed change is:
> 
>> The voucher is a JWT [RFC7519] signed token.
> 
> 
> I’ve updated my tooling that was used during the IETF98 hackathon to support a JWT token format; I did this as homework to be informed for the discussion. 
> 
> MY POSITION: is that I appreciate the simplicity of the JWS signing and feel it is a good match for us. It was easy enough to implement, was a refreshing change from the ASN1 complexity of PKCS7, and seems to provide a good path toward CBOR/COSE in a future document without maintaining PKCS7/CMS technical debt or revisiting/rewriting too much. 
> 
> QUESTION FOR THE WORKING GROUP: What is your position? Why? 
> 
> What follows is a dump of the raw JWS before signing (the equivalent PKCS7/CMS structure would be the SignedData asn1 structures which is hard to capture). After that is an encoded and signed voucher. Further below is an example of a PKCS7 signed voucher. 
> 
> Please note these characteristics:
> 
> a) From JWT RFC7519 "JWTs are always represented using the JWS Compact Serialization”. There are some JWT headers that overlap with voucher fields. I’m using JWT here; but the distinction between JWS/JWT is not fundamental to our discussion. The important point is JWS vs PKCS7. 
> 
> b) I’ve added the x5c header to the JWS. This is used to carry the certificate chain of the signer. Our current voucher format indicates PKCS7 which supports an equivalent field called “CertificateSet structure”. Its in the BRSKI document that we specify "The entire certificate chain, up to and including the Domain CA, MUST be included in the CertificateSet structure”. With the transition to JWT we’d be specifying that the x5c header be fully populated up to an including the Domain CA etc. 
> 
> c) From these examples we can’t directly compare size encodings. I don’t think this is a significant aspect of the conversation but can create comparable examples if folks feel that is necessary. 
> 
> The dumps:
> 
> A debug dump of the JWT form before encoding:
> {
>   "typ": "JWT",
>   "alg": "ES256",
>   "x5c": ["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", "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"]
> }
> .
> {
>   "ietf-voucher:voucher": {
>       "assertion": "logging",
>       "domain-cert-trusted-ca": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIBUjCB+qADAgECAgkAwP4qKsGyQlYwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIwFzEVMBMGA1UEAwwM\nZXN0RXhhbXBsZUNBMB4XDTE3MDMyNTIyMTc1MFoXDTE4MDMyNTIyMTc1MFowFzEV\nMBMGA1UEAwwMZXN0RXhhbXBsZUNBMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE\nRVrNlEN2ocYscAILBU7NggABo0JgA1rEGdYdCQj1nHKL6xKONJIUfBibe6iMVYd3\nRUmPwaPiHNZJ98kRwHIwnKMvMC0wDAYDVR0TBAUwAwEB/zAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU+dVX\naXoucU1godNF0bycS1U5W54wCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIDRwAwRAIgNsCGjpEjuvz6OKJ/\n3rOvMc2ZfDhD02K+0PCVFJGCQGwCIAzf3BS6x9kKSROJJvxDSpg0QK9+b9LSFkbZ\nM1PW98AN\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",
>       "nonce": "ea7102e8e88f119e",
>       "serial-number": "PID:1 SN:widget1",
>       "serial-number-issuer": "36097E3DEA39316EA4CE5C695BE905E78AF2FB5A",
>       "version": "1"
>   }
> }
> .
> [signature goes here]
> 
> As per JWT RFC7519 this is what it looks like after URL-safe encoding. You can see that now the signature is included  (look to the second to last line to see the second “.” followed by a valid signature): 
> 
> 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.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.QkTUpcxv6Ng6ylyWYnlqun-5SFhD1XwLIW1kD7Y9dNwioheNMcVnowkELl_EMClyOWuLvvWuoCHAcWz_UA0IGw
> 
> 
> Here is an equivalent PKCS7 voucher via asn1 dump. You’d have to look at the binary if you really want to decode it. This voucher was generated by MCR during the hackathon: 
> 
> pritikin@ubuntu:~/src/brski-project/brski_msgs$ openssl asn1parse -in mcr.voucher.txt.pkcs7
>    0:d=0  hl=4 l=2706 cons: SEQUENCE          
>    4:d=1  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :pkcs7-signedData
>   15:d=1  hl=4 l=2691 cons: cont [ 0 ]        
>   19:d=2  hl=4 l=2687 cons: SEQUENCE          
>   23:d=3  hl=2 l=   1 prim: INTEGER           :01
>   26:d=3  hl=2 l=  15 cons: SET               
>   28:d=4  hl=2 l=  13 cons: SEQUENCE          
>   30:d=5  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :sha256
>   41:d=5  hl=2 l=   0 prim: NULL              
>   43:d=3  hl=4 l=1644 cons: SEQUENCE          
>   47:d=4  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :pkcs7-data
>   58:d=4  hl=4 l=1629 cons: cont [ 0 ]        
>   62:d=5  hl=4 l=1625 prim: OCTET STRING      :{"ietf-voucher:voucher":{"nonce":"62a2e7693d82fcda2624de58fb6722e5","created-on":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","device-identifier":"00-d0-e5-f2-00-01","assertion":"logged","owner":"MIIEEzCCAvugAwIBAgIJAK6rFouvk+7YMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMIGfMQsw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\nhNm0BcqdLK+z8ntt\n"}}
> 1691:d=3  hl=4 l= 557 cons: cont [ 0 ]        
> 1695:d=4  hl=4 l= 553 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1699:d=5  hl=4 l= 431 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1703:d=6  hl=2 l=   3 cons: cont [ 0 ]        
> 1705:d=7  hl=2 l=   1 prim: INTEGER           :02
> 1708:d=6  hl=2 l=   1 prim: INTEGER           :01
> 1711:d=6  hl=2 l=  10 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1713:d=7  hl=2 l=   8 prim: OBJECT            :ecdsa-with-SHA256
> 1723:d=6  hl=2 l=  77 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1725:d=7  hl=2 l=  18 cons: SET               
> 1727:d=8  hl=2 l=  16 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1729:d=9  hl=2 l=  10 prim: OBJECT            :domainComponent
> 1741:d=9  hl=2 l=   2 prim: IA5STRING         :ca
> 1745:d=7  hl=2 l=  25 cons: SET               
> 1747:d=8  hl=2 l=  23 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1749:d=9  hl=2 l=  10 prim: OBJECT            :domainComponent
> 1761:d=9  hl=2 l=   9 prim: IA5STRING         :sandelman
> 1772:d=7  hl=2 l=  28 cons: SET               
> 1774:d=8  hl=2 l=  26 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1776:d=9  hl=2 l=   3 prim: OBJECT            :commonName
> 1781:d=9  hl=2 l=  19 prim: UTF8STRING        :Unstrung Highway CA
> 1802:d=6  hl=2 l=  30 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1804:d=7  hl=2 l=  13 prim: UTCTIME           :160507023655Z
> 1819:d=7  hl=2 l=  13 prim: UTCTIME           :180507023655Z
> 1834:d=6  hl=2 l=  77 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1836:d=7  hl=2 l=  18 cons: SET               
> 1838:d=8  hl=2 l=  16 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1840:d=9  hl=2 l=  10 prim: OBJECT            :domainComponent
> 1852:d=9  hl=2 l=   2 prim: IA5STRING         :ca
> 1856:d=7  hl=2 l=  25 cons: SET               
> 1858:d=8  hl=2 l=  23 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1860:d=9  hl=2 l=  10 prim: OBJECT            :domainComponent
> 1872:d=9  hl=2 l=   9 prim: IA5STRING         :sandelman
> 1883:d=7  hl=2 l=  28 cons: SET               
> 1885:d=8  hl=2 l=  26 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1887:d=9  hl=2 l=   3 prim: OBJECT            :commonName
> 1892:d=9  hl=2 l=  19 prim: UTF8STRING        :Unstrung Highway CA
> 1913:d=6  hl=2 l= 118 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1915:d=7  hl=2 l=  16 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 1917:d=8  hl=2 l=   7 prim: OBJECT            :id-ecPublicKey
> 1926:d=8  hl=2 l=   5 prim: OBJECT            :secp384r1
> 1933:d=7  hl=2 l=  98 prim: BIT STRING        
> 2033:d=6  hl=2 l=  99 cons: cont [ 3 ]        
> 2035:d=7  hl=2 l=  97 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2037:d=8  hl=2 l=  15 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2039:d=9  hl=2 l=   3 prim: OBJECT            :X509v3 Basic Constraints
> 2044:d=9  hl=2 l=   1 prim: BOOLEAN           :255
> 2047:d=9  hl=2 l=   5 prim: OCTET STRING      [HEX DUMP]:30030101FF
> 2054:d=8  hl=2 l=  14 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2056:d=9  hl=2 l=   3 prim: OBJECT            :X509v3 Key Usage
> 2061:d=9  hl=2 l=   1 prim: BOOLEAN           :255
> 2064:d=9  hl=2 l=   4 prim: OCTET STRING      [HEX DUMP]:03020106
> 2070:d=8  hl=2 l=  29 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2072:d=9  hl=2 l=   3 prim: OBJECT            :X509v3 Subject Key Identifier
> 2077:d=9  hl=2 l=  22 prim: OCTET STRING      [HEX DUMP]:0414258EDF2D51788F0CEC872A22FBD4FEBE0676EB07
> 2101:d=8  hl=2 l=  31 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2103:d=9  hl=2 l=   3 prim: OBJECT            :X509v3 Authority Key Identifier
> 2108:d=9  hl=2 l=  24 prim: OCTET STRING      [HEX DUMP]:30168014258EDF2D51788F0CEC872A22FBD4FEBE0676EB07
> 2134:d=5  hl=2 l=  10 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2136:d=6  hl=2 l=   8 prim: OBJECT            :ecdsa-with-SHA256
> 2146:d=5  hl=2 l= 104 prim: BIT STRING        
> 2252:d=3  hl=4 l= 454 cons: SET               
> 2256:d=4  hl=4 l= 450 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2260:d=5  hl=2 l=   1 prim: INTEGER           :01
> 2263:d=5  hl=2 l=  82 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2265:d=6  hl=2 l=  77 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2267:d=7  hl=2 l=  18 cons: SET               
> 2269:d=8  hl=2 l=  16 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2271:d=9  hl=2 l=  10 prim: OBJECT            :domainComponent
> 2283:d=9  hl=2 l=   2 prim: IA5STRING         :ca
> 2287:d=7  hl=2 l=  25 cons: SET               
> 2289:d=8  hl=2 l=  23 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2291:d=9  hl=2 l=  10 prim: OBJECT            :domainComponent
> 2303:d=9  hl=2 l=   9 prim: IA5STRING         :sandelman
> 2314:d=7  hl=2 l=  28 cons: SET               
> 2316:d=8  hl=2 l=  26 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2318:d=9  hl=2 l=   3 prim: OBJECT            :commonName
> 2323:d=9  hl=2 l=  19 prim: UTF8STRING        :Unstrung Highway CA
> 2344:d=6  hl=2 l=   1 prim: INTEGER           :01
> 2347:d=5  hl=2 l=  13 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2349:d=6  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :sha256
> 2360:d=6  hl=2 l=   0 prim: NULL              
> 2362:d=5  hl=3 l= 228 cons: cont [ 0 ]        
> 2365:d=6  hl=2 l=  24 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2367:d=7  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :contentType
> 2378:d=7  hl=2 l=  11 cons: SET               
> 2380:d=8  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :pkcs7-data
> 2391:d=6  hl=2 l=  28 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2393:d=7  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :signingTime
> 2404:d=7  hl=2 l=  15 cons: SET               
> 2406:d=8  hl=2 l=  13 prim: UTCTIME           :170325220308Z
> 2421:d=6  hl=2 l=  47 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2423:d=7  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :messageDigest
> 2434:d=7  hl=2 l=  34 cons: SET               
> 2436:d=8  hl=2 l=  32 prim: OCTET STRING      [HEX DUMP]:552DD2EE5CBC4C7C4D207F98A2519F031EE10074D674265A7DD0CA73E68BE57D
> 2470:d=6  hl=2 l= 121 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2472:d=7  hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :S/MIME Capabilities
> 2483:d=7  hl=2 l= 108 cons: SET               
> 2485:d=8  hl=2 l= 106 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2487:d=9  hl=2 l=  11 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2489:d=10 hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :aes-256-cbc
> 2500:d=9  hl=2 l=  11 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2502:d=10 hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :aes-192-cbc
> 2513:d=9  hl=2 l=  11 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2515:d=10 hl=2 l=   9 prim: OBJECT            :aes-128-cbc
> 2526:d=9  hl=2 l=  10 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2528:d=10 hl=2 l=   8 prim: OBJECT            :des-ede3-cbc
> 2538:d=9  hl=2 l=  14 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2540:d=10 hl=2 l=   8 prim: OBJECT            :rc2-cbc
> 2550:d=10 hl=2 l=   2 prim: INTEGER           :80
> 2554:d=9  hl=2 l=  13 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2556:d=10 hl=2 l=   8 prim: OBJECT            :rc2-cbc
> 2566:d=10 hl=2 l=   1 prim: INTEGER           :40
> 2569:d=9  hl=2 l=   7 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2571:d=10 hl=2 l=   5 prim: OBJECT            :des-cbc
> 2578:d=9  hl=2 l=  13 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2580:d=10 hl=2 l=   8 prim: OBJECT            :rc2-cbc
> 2590:d=10 hl=2 l=   1 prim: INTEGER           :28
> 2593:d=5  hl=2 l=  10 cons: SEQUENCE          
> 2595:d=6  hl=2 l=   8 prim: OBJECT            :ecdsa-with-SHA256
> 2605:d=5  hl=2 l= 103 prim: OCTET STRING      [HEX DUMP]:3065023100E60EAF73A69826077CF6B760AF9BD1C9BF723D0E84812B06B5A8B7C252362394D98E1B5B4C02D8ACD8DA5BD2248D51EA02306B5BDBDFFBB022A1E039A1847259D2E0AA332E12D24053B3E7ECA6D18EA821E29A53D93EE3BA4DE7D8C594C51736511C
> 
> And this is the “encoded” form:
> -----BEGIN PKCS7-----
> MIIKkgYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIKgzCCCn8CAQExDzANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFADCCBmwG
> CSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCBl0EggZZeyJpZXRmLXZvdWNoZXI6dm91Y2hlciI6eyJub25j
> ZSI6IjYyYTJlNzY5M2Q4MmZjZGEyNjI0ZGU1OGZiNjcyMmU1IiwiY3JlYXRlZC1v
> biI6IjIwMTctMDEtMDFUMDA6MDA6MDAuMDAwWiIsImRldmljZS1pZGVudGlmaWVy
> IjoiMDAtZDAtZTUtZjItMDAtMDEiLCJhc3NlcnRpb24iOiJsb2dnZWQiLCJvd25l
> ciI6Ik1JSUVFekNDQXZ1Z0F3SUJBZ0lKQUs2ckZvdXZrKzdZTUEwR0NTcUdTSWIz
> RFFFQkN3VUFNSUdmTVFzd1xuQ1FZRFZRUUdFd0pEUVRFUU1BNEdBMVVFQ0F3SFQy
> NTBZWEpwYnpFUE1BMEdBMVVFQnd3R1QzUjBZWGRoXG5NUm93R0FZRFZRUUtEQkZQ
> ZDI1bGNpQkZlR0Z0Y0d4bElFOXVaVEVSTUE4R0ExVUVDd3dJVG05MElGWmxcbmNu
> a3hHekFaQmdOVkJBTU1FbTkzYm1WeU1TNWxlR0Z0Y0d4bExtTnZiVEVoTUI4R0NT
> cUdTSWIzRFFFSlxuQVJZU2IzZHVaWEl4UUdWNFlXMXdiR1V1WTI5dE1CNFhEVEUz
> TURNeU5URTJNamt6TkZvWERURTNNRFF5XG5OREUyTWprek5Gb3dnWjh4Q3pBSkJn
> TlZCQVlUQWtOQk1SQXdEZ1lEVlFRSURBZFBiblJoY21sdk1ROHdcbkRRWURWUVFI
> REFaUGRIUmhkMkV4R2pBWUJnTlZCQW9NRVU5M2JtVnlJRVY0WVcxd2JHVWdUMjVs
> TVJFd1xuRHdZRFZRUUxEQWhPYjNRZ1ZtVnllVEViTUJrR0ExVUVBd3dTYjNkdVpY
> SXhMbVY0WVcxd2JHVXVZMjl0XG5NU0V3SHdZSktvWklodmNOQVFrQkZoSnZkMjVs
> Y2pGQVpYaGhiWEJzWlM1amIyMHdnZ0VpTUEwR0NTcUdcblNJYjNEUUVCQVFVQUE0
> SUJEd0F3Z2dFS0FvSUJBUUM0UVlBRW5UdFhnaUtxc2ZTVllrZ2tIZGRGY1AzNFxu
> T1UzWVA3aWJyc2d4MGk5Y3lqN3hPeldIT0YyUHNvS0JnVFJINzVNU01oVGw1VWlk
> ckNzemxsdUsrcXA0XG5kM1pnMzFvUU0vSERteVJKeVJwWStQQzFuNVZ4L01qNVZh
> Z1JRYnFHN1hURFFDZkNyaHFJS3JLQlR1UFFcbjR2WUtlTDB0UWs0VUpsUElvWlhF
> bUJrNWRrbi9Gemw5QWZJWlN2VXpRMVFBaFE5b2FMejVOZjVNV0hQS1xuVVkrNmIy
> ekEveVFhWGR1UHJWdXhwN3hDajExQy9MamxobDEvSHgxNk1KclYzM01DYmQrUktX
> NzExRC8zXG4wWGxXU3FFcHJkYkticXc4V01QanVKMWFvWDhhUUVXb0wreGJvbVJR
> UUpKb0ZhTVBsemdkRGNmb0FIRFVcblRzeGQwK0ZOOHBGSEFnTUJBQUdqVURCT01C
> MEdBMVVkRGdRV0JCU3FwNVR3UXRIc1F5OW9ZTFpiMEQ1V1xuK2xpY0hEQWZCZ05W
> SFNNRUdEQVdnQlNxcDVUd1F0SHNReTlvWUxaYjBENVcrbGljSERBTUJnTlZIUk1F
> XG5CVEFEQVFIL01BMEdDU3FHU0liM0RRRUJDd1VBQTRJQkFRQmdTUUdhY2p3eG1i
> UnJyQmhXNjNnWTVLYVdcbmltNzZyRzQ1cDN1aDlBOFdVZk1XcnlDVXVmckZPbS9R
> RUpubFVVSzNRWDRLRVZqMmV5d2I5Z3Nma2lDRVxueWFKenhlNjY1UTJCcld3ZTNy
> R1ZrQWhPL2ZuOHVwZWM0RTFBU2MzMUFTYUY4bStwWXFDQ1BTZmxMNWtWXG5NZWZI
> RzRsRXMzWEprSGNlQ2xSenlYdmpiNUtqL3UwMkM1WUNqY0FMWWQ4L2tjU2JmNGpv
> ZTFHdWZ2S0ZcbjV3dlBCUGtSVmZiVzJLYWdMK2p3NjJqKzhVNm9CN0ZieHRGeXFR
> UDFZb1pHaWE5TWtQS25LK3lnNW8vMFxuY1o1N2hnazRtUW1NMWk4MlJyVVpRVm9C
> UDNDRDVMZEJKWmZKb1hzdFJsWGU2ZFg3K1Rpc2RTQXNwcDVlXG5oTm0wQmNxZExL
> K3o4bnR0XG4ifX2gggItMIICKTCCAa+gAwIBAgIBATAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjBNMRIw
> EAYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYCY2ExGTAXBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEZFglzYW5kZWxtYW4xHDAa
> BgNVBAMME1Vuc3RydW5nIEhpZ2h3YXkgQ0EwHhcNMTYwNTA3MDIzNjU1WhcNMTgw
> NTA3MDIzNjU1WjBNMRIwEAYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYCY2ExGTAXBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEZ
> FglzYW5kZWxtYW4xHDAaBgNVBAMME1Vuc3RydW5nIEhpZ2h3YXkgQ0EwdjAQBgcq
> hkjOPQIBBgUrgQQAIgNiAASqSixrp/Zj0Omnzho8bLONYgrPsxrL3DTmJkqiyZ4T
> we/LK3+/iwBgWnohKrOVvO1POtaDHdBuiUjX2CBM66Fg18NSyvwzEJEtFLutFL7S
> cjDYA8JzPLClw0zt/YBad+CjYzBhMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wDgYDVR0PAQH/
> BAQDAgEGMB0GA1UdDgQWBBQljt8tUXiPDOyHKiL71P6+BnbrBzAfBgNVHSMEGDAW
> gBQljt8tUXiPDOyHKiL71P6+BnbrBzAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNoADBlAjB6dhfujag2
> xQEgOUr19iWwAyOhu9nHUfcqXhGb6i3nDuKfeIU7Am/WzvAAmqAWXyQCMQDTLKaN
> vf2k//JcW+4+xapVhW83t8UdlMk0+Eoe/YnKPj/a1WIOuzzh6zJtCYjlimYxggHG
> MIIBwgIBATBSME0xEjAQBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEZFgJjYTEZMBcGCgmSJomT8ixkARkW
> CXNhbmRlbG1hbjEcMBoGA1UEAwwTVW5zdHJ1bmcgSGlnaHdheSBDQQIBATANBglg
> hkgBZQMEAgEFAKCB5DAYBgkqhkiG9w0BCQMxCwYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCSqGSIb3
> DQEJBTEPFw0xNzAzMjUyMjAzMDhaMC8GCSqGSIb3DQEJBDEiBCBVLdLuXLxMfE0g
> f5iiUZ8DHuEAdNZ0Jlp90Mpz5ovlfTB5BgkqhkiG9w0BCQ8xbDBqMAsGCWCGSAFl
> AwQBKjALBglghkgBZQMEARYwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAECMAoGCCqGSIb3DQMHMA4GCCqG
> SIb3DQMCAgIAgDANBggqhkiG9w0DAgIBQDAHBgUrDgMCBzANBggqhkiG9w0DAgIB
> KDAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgRnMGUCMQDmDq9zppgmB3z2t2Cvm9HJv3I9DoSBKwa1qLfC
> UjYjlNmOG1tMAtis2Npb0iSNUeoCMGtb29/7sCKh4DmhhHJZ0uCqMy4S0kBTs+fs
> ptGOqCHimlPZPuO6TefYxZTFFzZRHA==
> -----END PKCS7-----
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Anima-bootstrap@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/anima-bootstrap
> 
> 