Robert L Ullmann <ariel@world.std.com> Thu, 27 May 1993 01:50 UTC

Received: from ietf.nri.reston.va.us by IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US id aa18763; 26 May 93 21:50 EDT
Received: from CNRI.RESTON.VA.US by IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US id aa18759; 26 May 93 21:50 EDT
Received: from world.std.com by CNRI.Reston.VA.US id aa02164; 26 May 93 21:50 EDT
Received: by world.std.com (5.65c/Spike-2.0) id AA18045; Wed, 26 May 1993 21:42:36 -0400
Errors-To: tpix-request@world.std.com
X-Orig-Sender: tpix-request@world.std.com
Reply-To: tpix@world.std.com
Precedence: bulk
Return-Path: <ariel>
Received: by world.std.com (5.65c/Spike-2.0) id AA18008; Wed, 26 May 1993 21:42:30 -0400
Date: Wed, 26 May 1993 21:42:30 -0400
Sender: ietf-archive-request@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US
From: Robert L Ullmann <ariel@world.std.com>
Message-Id: <199305270142.AA18008@world.std.com>
To: tpix@world.std.com

Hi,

The following is the first of several internet drafts to be published
detailing aspects of the TP/IX and RAP protocols not covered in the
base documents.

I am circulating this for initial comments from the group before I
put it up on internet-drafts.

[and while I am bothering you :-]
If you want to test a RAP prototype, *and* you have a public X.25
connection (so we can set up the requisite direct connection to my
lab systems), please contact me.

Best Regards,
Robert

(Remember that this mail list is set up for automatic discussion: replies
 lead to the list, not private reply. Eschew Reply-All :-)


TP/IX                                                      R. L. Ullmann
Internet Draft                              Process Software Corporation
                                                            May 26, 1993






                      Initial AD Assignment Plan

1  Status of this Memo

This memo presents an initial plan for the assignments of
Administrative Domain numbers (ADs) for version 7 of the Internet.

This document is an Internet Draft.  Internet Drafts are working
documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
and its Working Groups.  (Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet Drafts).

Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months.
Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
documents at any time.  It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts
as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working draft"
or "work in progress."

Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet Draft
directory to learn the current status of this or any other Internet
Draft.
































Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  1]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


2  Contents

        1       Status of this Memo  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
        2       Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
        3       Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
        4       Authority for AD assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
        4.1       IANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
        4.2       ISO/ITU  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
        5       Country blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
        6       Initial IANA block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
        6.1       Version 4 Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
        7       Novell IPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
        8       IEEE 802 block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
        9       Code table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
        10      References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
        11      Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12











































Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  2]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


3  Introduction

This memo presents the plan for initial assignments of Administrative
Domain numbers for the Version 7 Internet.  The objective is to use a
very small amount of space in the numbering system, while providing
the necessary distribution of authority.

This plan defines 5/256ths of the number space, while making initial
AD-block assignments covering only 239/65536ths (0.36%) of the code
points available in the most significant 16 bits.

It is important that future plans be equally conservative; in the next
decade no more than 1/25th of the space need be or should be assigned.
Besides the always-unanticipated future expansion, this provides the
space to re-do the numbering plan entirely if it should become
necessary.

It is certainly true that in 10 years, or 25 years, we shall know a
great deal more about what the numbering plan should look like, and it
is prudent to leave as much of the decision as possible to that time.

4  Authority for AD assignments

4.1  IANA

The initial authority for AD assignements is IANA, the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA@ISI.EDU).  The IANA will delegate
national blocks with initial octets 120 to 123 in the numbering plan
to national authority when applied for by an appropriate organization.

The initial AD plan also includes specific assignments of blocks with
initial octet 126, for interoperation with existing internetworking
protocols.  Three non-national blocks are delegated in the initial
numbering plan, one (back to) IANA, one to Novell/IPX, and one used
for IEEE 802 addressing.

Individual AD numbers should be assigned only when there is an
expectation that the delegated authority will need to assign on the
order of a million network numbers (an AD has space for 16 million
networks), or where a clear division of authority is required (e.g.  a
national administration).  Note that under the first of those
qualifications, the entire present Internet qualifies as only one AD.

4.2  ISO/ITU

Authority for assignments of ADs should eventually be vested in the
proper international organization, either the ITU and/or the ISO.
This is probably an issue that should eventually be taken up by the
proper committee of the Joint Technical Committee (JTC).

At present, the AD plan borrows an existing numbering plan for
countries, IS 3166.  This plan provides for two-letter, three-letter,
and three-digit codes for countries, where a country is a member of
the UN, or a (possibly disputed) territory or other area recognized by
the UN.  (Note that this includes the idea of the UN simply




Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  3]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


recognizing that the area is disputed; see the entity coded "NT" in
the 1988 two-letter code.)

The Internet already uses IS 3166 as the authority for the two-letter
top-level names used in the domain naming system to delegate naming to
national authority.

5  Country blocks

Each country (using the definitions of IS 3166) is assigned a block of
256 AD numbers, i.e.  a 16 bit number at the top of the numbering
plan.  The specific block number is derived from the three digit code
(ISO-3) assigned by IS 3166.  The first octet has value 120 plus ISO-3
divided by 250.  The second octet has the value ISO-3 modulo 250.
This assigns AD blocks in the range 120.0 to 123.249.

The fact that this assigns "large" blocks in some cases to very small
countries is not considered to be important.  (Rather, the premise
that all countries should have equal "importance" in the numbering
system is considered paramount.)

This is not a geographical assignment system.  The assignments are
administrative, delegated to national authority.  A network assigned
within a country-derived AD may be physically located anywhere.

While it is advisable for a country to assign individual ADs, there is
nothing to preclude a national plan using the entire country block;
that decision is specifically reserved to the national authority.  The
question as to whether the numbering plan within the ADs or block
should be correlated with topology, geography, or other constraints is
also reserved to national authority.  It should be kept in mind that
the DNS architecture requires that major authority delegations be made
on octet boundaries.

Certain large countries may need additional block assignments
eventually.  If the ISO or ITU authority is established at that time,
assignments will be made by the appropriate procedure within ISO
and/or the ITU.  If not, the national authority should apply to the
IANA, requesting information on where and how to proceed.

6  Initial IANA block

The block authority for AD numbers beginning with 126.0 is assigned to
IANA for individual AD assignements with international scope.  Only
one of the ADs in this block, 126.0.0, is presently assigned.

6.1  Version 4 Zone

The AD 126.0.0 is assigned to the present Version 4 numbering plan.
This AD has a specific plan for assignments within it:  the first 24
bits are the AD (126.0.0), the next 8-24 bits are a network number,
each assigned to a specific organization, and the remaining 16-40 bits
are assigned to subnets and hosts by authority reserved to the
specific organization.





Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  4]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


7  Novell IPX

The internetwork protocol (IPX) used by products of Novell Corporation
and other vendors making interoperable software have used a 32-bit LAN
network number, implicitly concatenated with the 48 bit MAC layer
address to form an internet address.  The network numbers were not
assigned by any central authority, and thus were not useful for
inter-organizational traffic without substantial prior arrangement.

There is now an authority, established by Novell, to assign unique
32-bit numbers and blocks of numbers, to organizations that desire the
ability to do inter-organization networking with the IPX protocol.
Novell has also standardized the encapsulation of IPX over the
Internet Protocol.  [RFC1234]

The Novell/IPX numbering plan is assigned the block 126.1 within the
Version 7 numbering plan.  It has a specific structure for numbering
within the block:  the first 16 bits are the Novell/IPX block number
(126.1), the next 32 bits are the unique network number assigned to
the LAN, and the last 16 bits are a host number assigned, probably by
a (to be specified) dynamic method within the LAN.

The existance of a number within the Novell/IPX block for a host does
not imply that the host is Novell protocol capable, the number is
equally useful for both IP version 7 and IPX.

The dynamic method for local address assignment might be specific to
IPX, or it might be the general method used for any IPv7 local network
with 16 bits of host number.

While the assignment of a block, rather than a single AD number, is
exceptional, in view of the very large base of Novell systems it seems
reasonable to accomodate the 32-bit IPX network numbers directly.

In particular, RAP can be used to route IPv4, IPv7, and IPX/IPv7
traffic in a combined network.

8  IEEE 802 block

The IEEE block provides a local address for any host with a LAN
interface.  The address format is fixed:  the first 16 bits are the
block number, 126.2, the remaining 48 bits are the address assigned to
the host (or interface card, which is more typical).  The 802 address
is in canonical bit order [ref tbs].

Because addresses in this block do not have any useable struture, the
host is unlikely to be able to communicate beyond the local network.
The routing protocol may propagate routes to individual hosts a short
distance (i.e.  into adjacent LANs) but is unlikely to advertise them
very widely.









Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  5]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


The primary use for addresses in this block is to give hosts an
immediately useable address, without any prior configuration.  This
permits the host to then initiate an auto-configuration protocol with
a local net manager, authenticate itself, and find out or register its
name and/or wide area Internet address.

It also provides a permanent address for simple hosts that do not want
to communicate off of the LAN, such as a toaster.  It does not provide
actual security, and MUST NOT be used in an attempt to prevent access
except (e.g.) via an application relay:  the routing protocol(s) MAY
propagate a route to the host an arbitrary distance.  Hosts that begin
with an 802 derived address and then do autoconfiguration SHOULD
continue to recognize the address after the configuration is complete,
and MAY originate new traffic from that address.

Hosts using an address in this block MUST be capable of replying to
ARP requests, and hosts tring to reach such a host MUST use ARP (or
other defined ES-IS-like protocol) to resolve the address (and,
implicitly, determine which interface to use to reach the other host),
they MUST NOT extract the 802 address from the IPv7 address.

Digression:  note that there is a presumption here that it is
reasonable behavior for any host or router to ARP for an address that
it has no particular route for.  In the presence of general proxy-ARP,
this is indeed a reasonable idea, given that someone out there may be
able to reply.  This means that a TP/IX-IPv7 host need not necessarily
give addresses in this block special treatment in the IP layer route
resolution.

In the future, as "addresses" are pushed more toward the proper role
as endpoint-identifiers, and not used to route datagrams, this block
may become more useful.



























Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  6]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


9  Code table


Admin Domain Block      ISO-3           Country

      0 to 119                          [reserved]
    120.004             004     AF      Afghanistan
    120.008             008     AL      Albania
    120.010             010     AQ      Antarctica
    120.012             012     DZ      Algeria
    120.016             016     AS      American Samoa
    120.020             020     AD      Andorra
    120.024             024     AO      Angola
    120.028             028     AG      Antigua And Barbuda
    120.031             031     AZ      Azerbaijan
    120.032             032     AR      Argentina
    120.036             036     AU      Australia
    120.040             040     AT      Austria
    120.044             044     BS      Bahamas
    120.048             048     BH      Bahrain
    120.050             050     BD      Bangladesh
    120.051             051     AM      Armenia
    120.052             052     BB      Barbados
    120.056             056     BE      Belgium
    120.060             060     BM      Bermuda
    120.064             064     BT      Bhutan
    120.068             068     BO      Bolivia
    [tba by UN]                 BA      Bosnia Hercegovina
    120.072             072     BW      Botswana
    120.074             074     BV      Bouvet Island
    120.076             076     BR      Brazil
    120.084             084     BZ      Belize
    120.086             086     IO      British Indian Ocean Territory
    120.090             090     SB      Solomon Islands
    120.092             092     VG      Virgin Islands (British)
    120.096             096     BN      Brunei Darussalam
    120.100             100     BG      Bulgaria
    120.104             104     MM      Myanmar
    120.108             108     BI      Burundi
    120.112             112     BY      Belarus
    120.112             112     BY      Byelorussian Ssr
    120.116             116     KH      Cambodia
    120.120             120     CM      Cameroon
    120.124             124     CA      Canada
    120.132             132     CV      Cape Verde
    120.136             136     KY      Cayman Islands
    120.140             140     CF      Central African Republic
    120.144             144     LK      Sri Lanka
    120.148             148     TD      Chad
    120.152             152     CL      Chile
    120.156             156     CN      China
    120.158             158     TW      Taiwan, Province Of China
    120.162             162     CX      Christmas Island
    120.166             166     CC      Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    120.170             170     CO      Colombia




Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  7]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


    120.174             174     KM      Comoros
    120.178             178     CG      Congo
    120.180             180     ZR      Zaire
    120.184             184     CK      Cook Islands
    120.188             188     CR      Costa Rica
    [tba by UN]                 HR      Croatia (Hrvatska)
    120.192             192     CU      Cuba
    120.196             196     CY      Cyprus
    120.200             200     CS      Czechoslovakia
    120.204             204     BJ      Benin
    120.208             208     DK      Denmark
    120.212             212     DM      Dominica
    120.214             214     DO      Dominican Republic
    120.218             218     EC      Ecuador
    120.222             222     SV      El Salvador
    120.226             226     GQ      Equatorial Guinea
    [tba by UN]                 [tba]   Eritrea
    120.230             230     ET      Ethiopia
    120.233             233     EE      Estonia
    120.234             234     FO      Faroe Islands
    120.238             238     FK      Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
    120.242             242     FJ      Fiji
    120.246             246     FI      Finland
    121.000             250     FR      France
    121.004             254     GF      French Guiana
    121.008             258     PF      French Polynesia
    121.010             260     TF      French Southern Territories
    121.012             262     DJ      Djibouti
    121.016             266     GA      Gabon
    121.018             268     GE      Georgia
    121.020             270     GM      Gambia
    121.026             276     DE      Germany
    121.038             288     GH      Ghana
    121.042             292     GI      Gibraltar
    121.046             296     KI      Kiribati
    121.050             300     GR      Greece
    121.054             304     GL      Greenland
    121.058             308     GD      Grenada
    121.062             312     GP      Guadeloupe
    121.066             316     GU      Guam
    121.070             320     GT      Guatemala
    121.074             324     GN      Guinea
    121.078             328     GY      Guyana
    121.082             332     HT      Haiti
    121.084             334     HM      Heard And Mc Donald Islands
    121.086             336     VA      Vatican City State (Holy See)
    121.090             340     HN      Honduras
    121.094             344     HK      Hong Kong
    121.098             348     HU      Hungary
    121.102             352     IS      Iceland
    121.106             356     IN      India
    121.110             360     ID      Indonesia
    121.114             364     IR      Iran (Islamic Republic Of)
    121.118             368     IQ      Iraq
    121.122             372     IE      Ireland




Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  8]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


    121.126             376     IL      Israel
    121.130             380     IT      Italy
    121.134             384     CI      Cote D'Ivoire
    121.138             388     JM      Jamaica
    121.142             392     JP      Japan
    121.148             398     KZ      Kazakhstan
    121.150             400     JO      Jordan
    121.154             404     KE      Kenya
    121.158             408     KP      Korea, Democratic People's Republic Of
    121.160             410     KR      Korea, Republic Of
    121.164             414     KW      Kuwait
    121.167             417     KG      Kyrgyzstan
    121.168             418     LA      Lao People's Democratic Republic
    121.172             422     LB      Lebanon
    121.176             426     LS      Lesotho
    121.178             428     LV      Latvia
    121.180             430     LR      Liberia
    121.184             434     LY      Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
    121.188             438     LI      Liechtenstein
    121.190             440     LT      Lithuania
    121.192             442     LU      Luxembourg
    121.196             446     MO      Macau
    121.200             450     MG      Madagascar
    121.204             454     MW      Malawi
    121.208             458     MY      Malaysia
    121.212             462     MV      Maldives
    121.216             466     ML      Mali
    121.220             470     MT      Malta
    121.224             474     MQ      Martinique
    121.228             478     MR      Mauritania
    121.230             480     MU      Mauritius
    121.234             484     MX      Mexico
    121.242             492     MC      Monaco
    121.246             496     MN      Mongolia
    121.248             498     MD      Moldova, Republic Of
    122.000             500     MS      Montserrat
    122.004             504     MA      Morocco
    122.008             508     MZ      Mozambique
    122.012             512     OM      Oman
    122.016             516     NA      Namibia
    122.020             520     NR      Nauru
    122.024             524     NP      Nepal
    122.028             528     NL      Netherlands
    122.032             532     AN      Netherlands Antilles
    122.033             533     AW      Aruba
    122.036             536     NT      Neutral Zone
    122.040             540     NC      New Caledonia
    122.048             548     VU      Vanuatu
    122.054             554     NZ      New Zealand
    122.058             558     NI      Nicaragua
    122.062             562     NE      Niger
    122.066             566     NG      Nigeria
    122.070             570     NU      Niue
    122.074             574     NF      Norfolk Island
    122.078             578     NO      Norway




Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page  9]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


    122.080             580     MP      Northern Mariana Islands
    122.081             581     UM      United States Minor Outlying Islands
    122.083             583     FM      Micronesia
    122.084             584     MH      Marshall Islands
    122.085             585     PW      Palau
    122.086             586     PK      Pakistan
    122.090             590     PA      Panama
    122.098             598     PG      Papua New Guinea
    122.100             600     PY      Paraguay
    122.104             604     PE      Peru
    122.108             608     PH      Philippines
    122.112             612     PN      Pitcairn
    122.116             616     PL      Poland
    122.120             620     PT      Portugal
    122.124             624     GW      Guinea-Bissau
    122.126             626     TP      East Timor
    122.130             630     PR      Puerto Rico
    122.134             634     QA      Qatar
    122.138             638     RE      Reunion
    122.142             642     RO      Romania
    122.143             643     RU      Russian Federation
    122.146             646     RW      Rwanda
    122.154             654     SH      St. Helena
    122.159             659     KN      Saint Kitts And Nevis
    122.160             660     AI      Anguilla
    122.162             662     LC      Saint Lucia
    122.166             666     PM      St. Pierre And Miquelon
    122.170             670     VC      Saint Vincent And The Grenadines
    122.174             674     SM      San Marino
    122.178             678     ST      Sao Tome And Principe
    122.182             682     SA      Saudi Arabia
    122.186             686     SN      Senegal
    122.190             690     SC      Seychelles
    122.194             694     SL      Sierra Leone
    122.202             702     SG      Singapore
    [tba by UN]                 SI      Slovenia
    122.204             704     VN      Viet Nam
    122.206             706     SO      Somalia
    122.210             710     ZA      South Africa
    122.216             716     ZW      Zimbabwe
    122.224             724     ES      Spain
    122.232             732     EH      Western Sahara
    122.236             736     SD      Sudan
    122.240             740     SR      Suriname
    122.244             744     SJ      Svalbard And Jan Mayen Islands
    122.248             748     SZ      Swaziland
    123.002             752     SE      Sweden
    123.006             756     CH      Switzerland
    123.010             760     SY      Syrian Arab Republic
    123.012             762     TJ      Tajikistan
    123.014             764     TH      Thailand
    123.018             768     TG      Togo
    123.022             772     TK      Tokelau
    123.026             776     TO      Tonga
    123.030             780     TT      Trinidad And Tobago




Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page 10]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


    123.034             784     AE      United Arab Emirates
    123.038             788     TN      Tunisia
    123.042             792     TR      Turkey
    123.045             795     TM      Turkmenistan
    123.046             796     TC      Turks And Caicos Islands
    123.048             798     TV      Tuvalu
    123.050             800     UG      Uganda
    123.054             804     UA      Ukrainian Ssr
    123.060             810     SU      Ussr
    123.068             818     EG      Egypt
    123.076             826     GB      United Kingdom
    123.084             834     TZ      Tanzania, United Republic Of
    123.090             840     US      United States
    123.100             850     VI      Virgin Islands (U.S.)
    123.104             854     BF      Burkina Faso
    123.108             858     UY      Uruguay
    123.110             860     UZ      Uzbekistan
    123.112             862     VE      Venezuela
    123.126             876     WF      Wallis And Futuna Islands
    123.132             882     WS      Samoa
    123.137             887     YE      Yemen, Republic Of
    123.140             890     YU      Yugoslavia
    123.144             894     ZM      Zambia
    126.000                             IANA/InterNIC
    126.001                             Novell IPX
    126.002                             IEEE 802
    127 to 255                          [reserved]
































Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page 11]

Internet draft          Initial AD Assignment Plan          May 26, 1993


10  References

 [IS 3166]   International Organization for Standardization.  Codes
               for the Representation of Names of Countries.  ISO
               3166, ISO, 1988.

 [RFC1234]   D. Provan.  Tunneling IPX Traffic through IP Networks.
               Novell, Inc.  June, 1991.

 [ID-TPIX]   Robert Ullmann.  TP/IX:  The Next Internet.  Internet
               draft:  unpublished at this writing.  March, 1993.

 [ID-RAP]    Robert Ullmann.  RAP:  Internet Route Access Protocol.
               Internet draft:  unpublished at this writing.  March,
               1993.

11  Author's Address


Robert Ullmann
Process Software Corporation
959 Concord Street
Framingham, MA 01701
USA

Phone: +1 508 879 6994 x226
Email: Ariel@Process.COM

































Ullmann            DRAFT: expires November 24, 1993            [page 12]
  •   Robert L Ullmann