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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Bal=E1zs_Varga_A?= <balazs.a.varga@ericsson.com>
To: "Gengxuesong (Geng Xuesong)" <gengxuesong@huawei.com>, DetNet WG
 <detnet@ietf.org>
CC: 'DetNet Chairs' <detnet-chairs@ietf.org>,
 "draft-malis-detnet-controller-plane-framework@ietf.org"
 <draft-malis-detnet-controller-plane-framework@ietf.org>, Loa Andersson
 <loa@pi.nu>
Thread-Topic: Management Plane in
 draft-malis-detnet-controller-plane-framework-04
Thread-Index: AdZ6tHxduf1nF15tQsaw64kleWwTiABCOYBQ
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2020 16:16:14 +0000
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/detnet/LnHf3XvVpHm0dn7NBQFsA_alCVM>
Subject: Re: [Detnet] Management Plane in
 draft-malis-detnet-controller-plane-framework-04
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Hi,

Some views/comments.

Regarding item 1 and 2:
I think OAM is only a portion of the Management plane. As for now, we may s=
imple refer to the
"detnet-x-oam" drafts to avoid confusions.
Just some Management plane related tasks/functions/modules we should cover =
in the document
in my view:
- administration/collection of DetNet (DN) service requests
- administration/collection of node/network states (variables, counters, et=
c.) needed for providing a DN service
- tools to design/optimize a DN service (selecting functions to create the =
service e2e, across the network)
- configuration of nodes for a DN service (e2e, across the network)
- monitoring tools for the e2e DN service
- etc.
All this tasks/functions/modules already exists today but may need some ext=
ensions due to the special
requirements/characteristics of DetNet flows.

Regarding item 3:
I think the "Management plane" part of the document is needed and it should=
 show how the above
listed functionalities are challenged by DetNet, where extension of current=
 solutions is needed. For
example, we may compare the Management plane differences of legacy VPN serv=
ices and DetNet
service.
Just as an example, we need node internal min/max delay between ingress and=
 egress port pairs
in order to design proper queuing control. This is not relevant for non-Det=
Net flows, so a new
information element is needed. However, it may be collected using already e=
xisting management
plane methods ...

Cheers
Bala'zs


From: Gengxuesong (Geng Xuesong) <gengxuesong@huawei.com>
Sent: Tuesday, August 25, 2020 9:53 AM
To: DetNet WG <detnet@ietf.org>
Cc: 'DetNet Chairs' <detnet-chairs@ietf.org>; draft-malis-detnet-controller=
-plane-framework@ietf.org; Loa Andersson <loa@pi.nu>
Subject: Management Plane in draft-malis-detnet-controller-plane-framework-=
04

Hi WG,

After some great discussions in IETF 108 and offline, I would like to start=
 a thread in the ML to discuss about the management plane of draft-malis-de=
tnet-controller-plane-framework-04, to get consensus in WG . Guidance from =
WG chairs will also be very helpful.
Background information could be found in the end of the email[*].
Here are some topics that to be discussed:

1.      In IETF 108, a question about "M" is raised: in OAM, "M" represents=
 "Maintenance", but in this document, all the contents about OAM are discus=
sed in a section 5 named "management plane"; This may bring confusion about=
 the terminologies;

2.      In section 5, DetNet OAM is briefly discussed by dividing it into t=
wo aspects: OAM for PM and OAM for CFM; while there are two documents in WG=
 covering the same topic: DetNet MPLS OAM and DetNet IP OAM. The relationsh=
ip between these documents should be considered;

3.      The motivation of DetNet controller plane framework is to analysis =
the gap between the existing technologies in IETF and DetNet controller pla=
ne requirement, and give guidance for further protocol extension or new pro=
tocol design. If there have been management plane solutions, whether this p=
art in the document is still necessary.

Best Regards
Xuesong

---
[*]:Here are some background information:

-         WG charter:
Controller Plane: The DetNet Controller Plane is defined in RFC 8655 as "th=
e aggregation of the Control and Management Planes";

-         RFC 8655  Deterministic Networking Architecture
4.4.2.  The Controller Plane
   The Controller Plane corresponds to the aggregation of the Control
   and Management Planes in [RFC7426], though Common Control and
   Measurement Plane (CCAMP) (as defined by the CCAMP Working Group
   [CCAMP]) makes an additional distinction between management and
   measurement.  When the logical separation of the Control,
   Measurement, and other Management entities is not relevant, the term
   "Controller Plane" is used for simplicity to represent them all, and
   the term "Controller Plane Function (CPF)" refers to any device
   operating in that plane, whether it is a Path Computation Element
   (PCE) [RFC4655], a Network Management Entity (NME), or a distributed
   control protocol.  The CPF is a core element of a controller, in
   charge of computing deterministic paths to be applied in the Network
   Plane.

-         RFC 7426  Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Layers and Architect=
ure Terminology
3.4<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7426#section-3.4>.  Management Plane
   The management plane is usually centralized and aims to ensure that
   the network as a whole is running optimally by communicating with the
   network devices' operational plane using a Management-Plane
   Southbound Interface (MPSI) with DAL as a point of reference.
   Management-plane functionalities are typically initiated, based on an
   overall network view, and traditionally have been human-centric.
   However, lately, algorithms are replacing most human intervention.
   Management-plane functionalities [FCAPS<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7=
426#ref-FCAPS>] typically include:
   o  Fault and monitoring management
   o  Configuration management
-  RFC 7276  An Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OA=
M) Tools
Abstract
   Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a general term
   that refers to a toolset for fault detection and isolation, and for
   performance measurement.


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</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"#0563C1" vlink=3D"#954F72" style=3D"text-justi=
fy-trim:punctuation">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Hi,<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Some views/comments=
.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Regarding item 1=
 and 2:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">I think OAM is only=
 a portion of the Management plane. As for now, we may simple refer to the
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">&#8220;detnet-x-oam=
&#8221; drafts to avoid confusions.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Just some Managemen=
t plane related tasks/functions/modules we should cover in the document
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">in my view:<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">- administration/co=
llection of DetNet (DN) service requests<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">- administration/co=
llection of node/network states (variables, counters, etc.) needed for prov=
iding a DN service<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">- tools to design/o=
ptimize a DN service (selecting functions to create the service e2e, across=
 the network)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">- configuration of =
nodes for a DN service (e2e, across the network)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">- monitoring tools =
for the e2e DN service<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">- etc.<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">All this tasks/func=
tions/modules already exists today but may need some extensions due to the =
special<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">requirements/charac=
teristics of DetNet flows.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Regarding item 3=
:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">I think the &#8220;=
Management plane&#8221; part of the document is needed and it should show h=
ow the above
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">listed functionalit=
ies are challenged by DetNet, where extension of current solutions is neede=
d. For
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">example, we may com=
pare the Management plane differences of legacy VPN services and DetNet
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">service. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Just as an example,=
 we need node internal min/max delay between ingress and egress port pairs
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">in order to design =
proper queuing control. This is not relevant for non-DetNet flows, so a new
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">information element=
 is needed. However, it may be collected using already existing management
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">plane methods &#823=
0;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Cheers<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Bala&#8217;zs<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"left" style=3D"text-align:left"><b><span st=
yle=3D"font-size:11.0pt">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"> =
Gengxuesong (Geng Xuesong) &lt;gengxuesong@huawei.com&gt;
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, August 25, 2020 9:53 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> DetNet WG &lt;detnet@ietf.org&gt;<br>
<b>Cc:</b> 'DetNet Chairs' &lt;detnet-chairs@ietf.org&gt;; draft-malis-detn=
et-controller-plane-framework@ietf.org; Loa Andersson &lt;loa@pi.nu&gt;<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Management Plane in draft-malis-detnet-controller-plane-fra=
mework-04<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"left" style=3D"text-align:left"><o:p>&nbsp;=
</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">Hi WG,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">After some great discussions in IETF 108 and offline, I w=
ould like to start a thread in the ML to discuss about the management plane=
 of draft-malis-detnet-controller-plane-framework-04,
 to get consensus in WG . Guidance from WG chairs will also be very helpful=
.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">Background information could be found in the end of the e=
mail[*].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">Here are some topics that to be discussed:<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in=
;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">I=
n IETF 108, a question about &#8220;M&#8221; is raised: in OAM, &#8220;M&#8=
221; represents &#8220;Maintenance&#8221;, but in this document, all the co=
ntents about OAM are discussed in a section 5 named &#8220;management plane=
&#8221;;
 This may bring confusion about the terminologies;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in=
;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">I=
n section 5, DetNet OAM is briefly discussed by dividing it into two aspect=
s: OAM for PM and OAM for CFM; while there are two documents in WG covering=
 the same topic: DetNet MPLS OAM and
 DetNet IP OAM. The relationship between these documents should be consider=
ed;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in=
;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">T=
he motivation of DetNet controller plane framework is to analysis the gap b=
etween the existing technologies in IETF and DetNet controller plane requir=
ement, and give guidance for further
 protocol extension or new protocol design. If there have been management p=
lane solutions, whether this part in the document is still necessary.<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">Best Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">Xuesong<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">---<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">[*]:Here are some background information:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in=
;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;=
">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN=
">WG charter:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">Controller Plane: The DetNet Controller Plane is defined =
in RFC 8655 as &quot;the aggregation of the Control and Management Planes&q=
uot;;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in=
;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;=
">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN=
">RFC 8655 &nbsp;Deterministic Networking Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></b=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">4.4.2.&nbsp; The Controller Plane<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; The Controller Plane corresponds to the aggr=
egation of the Control<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; and Management Planes in [RFC7426], though C=
ommon Control and<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; Measurement Plane (CCAMP) (as defined by the=
 CCAMP Working Group<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; [CCAMP]) makes an additional distinction bet=
ween management and<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; measurement.&nbsp; When the logical separati=
on of the Control,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; Measurement, and other Management entities i=
s not relevant, the term<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; &quot;Controller Plane&quot; is used for sim=
plicity to represent them all, and<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; the term &quot;Controller Plane Function (CP=
F)&quot; refers to any device<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; operating in that plane, whether it is a Pat=
h Computation Element<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; (PCE) [RFC4655], a Network Management Entity=
 (NME), or a distributed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; control protocol.&nbsp; The CPF is a core el=
ement of a controller, in<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; charge of computing deterministic paths to b=
e applied in the Network<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; Plane.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in=
;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;=
">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN=
">RFC 7426 &nbsp;Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Layers and Architecture=
 Terminology<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><a name=3D"section-3.4"><=
/a><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><a href=3D"https://tools.ietf=
.org/html/rfc7426#section-3.4"><span style=3D"color:windowtext;text-decorat=
ion:none">3.4</span></a>.&nbsp; Management Plane<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; The management plane is usually centralized =
and aims to ensure that<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; the network as a whole is running optimally =
by communicating with the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; network devices' operational plane using a M=
anagement-Plane<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; Southbound Interface (MPSI) with DAL as a po=
int of reference.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; Management-plane functionalities are typical=
ly initiated, based on an<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; overall network view, and traditionally have=
 been human-centric.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; However, lately, algorithms are replacing mo=
st human intervention.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; Management-plane functionalities [<a href=3D=
"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7426#ref-FCAPS" title=3D"&quot;Management F=
ramework For Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) For CCITT Applications&quot=
;"><span style=3D"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">FCAPS</span></a>]
 typically include:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; o&nbsp; Fault and monitoring management<o:p>=
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; o&nbsp; Configuration management<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">- &nbsp;<b>RFC 7276 &nbsp;An Overview of Operations, Admi=
nistration, and Maintenance (OAM) Tools</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; Operations, Administration, and Maintenance =
(OAM) is a general term<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; that refers to a toolset for fault detection=
 and isolation, and for<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp; performance measurement.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"mso-fareas=
t-language:ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
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