draft-gandhi-ippm-stamp-ber-00.txt   draft-gandhi-ippm-stamp-ber-01.txt 
IPPM Working Group R. Gandhi, Ed. IPPM Working Group R. Gandhi, Ed.
Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc. Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track P. Schoenmaker Intended status: Standards Track P. Schoenmaker
Expires: 18 October 2025 Meta Platforms, Inc. Expires: 28 November 2025 Meta Platforms, Inc.
16 April 2025 27 May 2025
Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) Extensions for Bit Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) Extensions for Bit
Error Detection and Bit Error Rate Measurement Error Detection and Bit Error Rate Measurement
draft-gandhi-ippm-stamp-ber-00 draft-gandhi-ippm-stamp-ber-01
Abstract Abstract
The Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP), as defined in The Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP), as defined in
RFC 8762, along with its optional extensions specified in RFC 8972, RFC 8762, along with its optional extensions specified in RFC 8972,
can be utilized for active measurement. This document further can be utilized for active measurement. This document further
augments the STAMP extensions specified in RFC 8972 to enable the augments the STAMP extensions specified in RFC 8972 to enable the
detection of bit errors and the measurement of the bit error rate detection of bit errors and the measurement of the bit error rate
(BER) within the "Extra Padding Data" of STAMP packets. (BER) within the "Extra Padding Data" of STAMP packets.
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Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 18 October 2025. This Internet-Draft will expire on 28 November 2025.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3. STAMP Reference Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3. STAMP Reference Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. STAMP Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. STAMP Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1. STAMP Session-Sender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1. STAMP Session-Sender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. STAMP Session-Reflector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2. STAMP Session-Reflector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3. Considerations for Link Aggregation Group . . . . . . . . 7 4.3. Considerations for Link Aggregation Group . . . . . . . . 8
5. STAMP Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. STAMP Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.1. Bit Pattern in Padding Data STAMP TLV . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.1. Bit Pattern in Padding Data STAMP TLV . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2. Bit Error Count in Padding Data STAMP TLV . . . . . . . . 8 5.2. Bit Error Count in Padding Data STAMP TLV . . . . . . . . 8
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. Data Model Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
The Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) is designed to The Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) is designed to
measure various performance metrics in IP networks without relying on measure various performance metrics in IP networks without relying on
a control channel to pre-signal session parameters, as specified in a control channel to pre-signal session parameters, as specified in
[RFC8762]. STAMP test packets are sent between a Session-Sender and [RFC8762]. STAMP test packets are sent between a Session-Sender and
a Session-Reflector to measure delay and packet loss along the path. a Session-Reflector to measure delay and packet loss along the path.
[RFC8972] introduces optional extensions for STAMP in the form of [RFC8972] introduces optional extensions for STAMP in the form of
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STAMP TLVs from the Session-Sender test packets. [RFC8972] defines STAMP TLVs from the Session-Sender test packets. [RFC8972] defines
an optional TLV extension specifically for transmitting "Extra an optional TLV extension specifically for transmitting "Extra
Padding Data" (Type=1) in the STAMP test packets. The "Extra Padding Padding Data" (Type=1) in the STAMP test packets. The "Extra Padding
Data" can be filled using either a predefined fixed pattern or a Data" can be filled using either a predefined fixed pattern or a
random pattern of bits [RFC8972]. random pattern of bits [RFC8972].
This document defines a procedure to detect bit errors within the This document defines a procedure to detect bit errors within the
"Extra Padding Data" TLV. The process involves the Session-Sender "Extra Padding Data" TLV. The process involves the Session-Sender
transmitting the extra padding data filled with a predefined bit transmitting the extra padding data filled with a predefined bit
pattern. The Session-Reflector then checks for bit errors by pattern. The Session-Reflector then checks for bit errors by
comparing the received data against the predefined bit pattern. This comparing the received padding data against the predefined bit
allows for the detection of a single bit error or a burst of bit pattern. This allows for the detection of a single bit error or a
errors and the accurate measurement of the bit error rate. The burst of bit errors and the measurement of the bit error rate. The
Session-Reflector does not discard the STAMP test packet with bit Session-Reflector does not discard the STAMP test packet with bit
errors but instead reflects it back to the Session-Sender after errors but instead reflects it back to the Session-Sender after
correcting the errors. The Session-Reflector also returns the bit correcting the bit errors. The Session-Reflector also returns the
error count to the Session-Sender. bit error count to the Session-Sender.
Bit errors can be detected in both the forward and reverse directions Bit errors are detected in both the forward and reverse directions
between the Session-Sender and the Session-Reflector using the between the Session-Sender and the Session-Reflector using the
procedure and extensions defined in this document. The bit error procedure and extensions defined in this document. The bit error
rate is computed as the ratio of the number of bit errors detected to rate is computed as the ratio of the number of bit errors detected to
the number of bits transmitted in the extra padding data. the number of bits received in the extra padding data.
As specified in [RFC8972], the Session-Sender and Session-Reflector As specified in [RFC8972], the Session-Sender and Session-Reflector
test packets are symmetric in size. The Session-Sender and Session- test packets are symmetric in size. The Session-Sender and Session-
Reflector MUST ensure that the resulting test packets do not exceed Reflector MUST ensure that the resulting test packets do not exceed
the path MTU after adding the STAMP TLVs. the path MTU after adding the STAMP TLVs.
Note that the procedure and extensions defined in this document does Note that the procedure and extensions defined in this document do
not detect bit errors in the base STAMP packets, packet headers, and not detect bit errors in the base STAMP packets, packet headers, or
STAMP TLVs other than the "Extra Padding Data" TLV. STAMP TLVs other than the "Extra Padding Data" TLV. It is possible
that bit errors impact those non-measurement fields of the STAMP test
packets. Bit errors in those fields result in the failure of
validity checks. The corrupted STAMP test packets are discarded,
reported using a different measurement metric, and not included in
the bit error rate measurement.
The integrity of those fields can be verified using the HMAC
mechanisms defined in [RFC8762] and [RFC8972] (which exclude the
"Extra Padding Data" TLV).
The size of the non-measurement fields in the received STAMP test
packet is excluded from the bit error rate measurement.
4. STAMP Procedure 4. STAMP Procedure
This document defines two TLV options for STAMP: "Bit Pattern in This document defines two TLV options for STAMP: "Bit Pattern in
Padding Data" STAMP TLV (Type=TBA1) and "Bit Error Count in Padding Padding Data" STAMP TLV (Type=TBA1) and "Bit Error Count in Padding
Data" STAMP TLV (Type=TBA2). An example of STAMP test packet used Data" STAMP TLV (Type=TBA2). An example of STAMP test packet used
for detecting bit errors is shown in Figure 2 using "Extra Padding for detecting bit errors is shown in Figure 2 using "Extra Padding
Data" TLV, "Bit Pattern in Padding Data" STAMP TLV, and "Bit Error Data" TLV, "Bit Pattern in Padding Data" STAMP TLV, and "Bit Error
Count in Padding Data" STAMP TLV. Count in Padding Data" STAMP TLV.
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| STAMP Packet RFC 8972 | | STAMP Packet RFC 8972 |
. . . .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|STAMP TLV Flags| Type=1 | Length | |STAMP TLV Flags| Type=1 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | | |
~ Extra Padding ~ ~ Extra Padding ~
| | | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|STAMP TLV Flags| Type=TBA1 | Length | |STAMP TLV Flags| Type=TBA1 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | | |
~ Bit Pattern in Padding Data ~ ~ Bit Pattern in Padding Data ~
| | | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|STAMP TLV Flags| Type=TBA2 | Length=4 | |STAMP TLV Flags| Type=TBA2 | Length=4 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Bit Error Count in Padding Data | | Bit Error Count in Padding Data |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: Example STAMP Packet to Detect Bit Errors Figure 2: Example STAMP Packet to Detect Bit Errors
4.1. STAMP Session-Sender 4.1. STAMP Session-Sender
When a STAMP Session-Sender is set up to detect bit errors and When a STAMP Session-Sender is set up to detect bit errors and
measure bit error rate, it adds the STAMP TLVs for "Extra Padding measure bit error rate, it adds the STAMP TLVs for "Extra Padding
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"Bit Pattern in Padding Data" STAMP TLV MUST contain the bit pattern "Bit Pattern in Padding Data" STAMP TLV MUST contain the bit pattern
employed in the "Extra Padding Data" STAMP TLV. It is RECOMMENDED to employed in the "Extra Padding Data" STAMP TLV. It is RECOMMENDED to
have the length of the extra padding data as an integer multiple of have the length of the extra padding data as an integer multiple of
the length of the Bit Pattern to ease implementation. the length of the Bit Pattern to ease implementation.
The Session-Sender MUST also add the "Extra Padding Data" STAMP TLV The Session-Sender MUST also add the "Extra Padding Data" STAMP TLV
[RFC8972] when it adds the "Bit Error Count in Padding Data" STAMP [RFC8972] when it adds the "Bit Error Count in Padding Data" STAMP
TLV in the Session-Sender test packets. The data in the Bit Error TLV in the Session-Sender test packets. The data in the Bit Error
Count STAMP TLV MUST be set to 0. Count STAMP TLV MUST be set to 0.
The bit pattern employed in the extra padding data can be locally It is possible that the bit pattern in the "Bit Pattern in Padding
configured on the Session-Reflector. In that case, the "Bit Pattern Data" STAMP TLV itself may contain bit errors. This can result in a
in Padding Data" STAMP TLV need not be transmitted in the STAMP test measurement error due to a mismatch between the bit pattern and the
packets. However, the "Bit Error Count in Padding Data" STAMP TLV extra padding data. One way to avoid this issue is for the Session-
MUST be transmitted to reflect the detected bit error counts. Reflector to use the local configuration or the default value of
0xFF00 as the bit pattern. In this case, the "Bit Pattern in Padding
Data" STAMP TLV need not be transmitted in the STAMP test packets.
However, the "Bit Error Count in Padding Data" STAMP TLV MUST be
transmitted to reflect the detected bit error counts.
Note that the integrity of the "Bit Pattern in Padding Data" and "Bit
Error Count in Padding Data" STAMP TLVs can be protected using the
HMAC mechanisms defined in [RFC8972]. In this case, the computation
of the bit error rate is only performed after verifying the integrity
of these TLVs.
4.2. STAMP Session-Reflector 4.2. STAMP Session-Reflector
When the Session-Reflector receives a STAMP test packet with a "Bit When the Session-Reflector receives a STAMP test packet with a "Bit
Pattern in Padding Data" STAMP TLV, the Session-Reflector that Pattern in Padding Data" STAMP TLV, the Session-Reflector that
supports this TLV MUST check the extra padding data against the bit supports this TLV MUST check the extra padding data against the bit
pattern to detect any bits that do not match the bit pattern and pattern to detect any bits that do not match the bit pattern and
count them as bit errors. count them as bit errors.
When the Session-Reflector receives a STAMP test packet with a "Bit When the Session-Reflector receives a STAMP test packet with a "Bit
Error Count in Padding Data" STAMP TLV, the Session-Reflector that Error Count in Padding Data" STAMP TLV, the Session-Reflector that
supports this STAMP TLV MUST check the "Extra Padding Data" against supports this STAMP TLV MUST check the "Extra Padding Data" against
the expected bit pattern, either in the received test packet or the the expected bit pattern to detect if there are any bits not matching
local configuration, to detect if there are any bits not matching the the bit pattern and count them as bit errors. The Session-Reflector
bit pattern and count them as bit errors. The Session-Reflector
updates the count of bit errors in the received "Bit Error Count in updates the count of bit errors in the received "Bit Error Count in
Padding Data" TLV and reflects the TLV back to the Session-Sender. Padding Data" TLV and reflects the TLV back to the Session-Sender.
If no bit errors are detected, the bit error count remains as 0 in If no bit errors are detected, the bit error count is set to 0 in the
the reflected "Bit Error Count in Padding Data" TLV. reflected "Bit Error Count in Padding Data" TLV.
The Session-Reflector corrects the bit errors in the "Extra Padding The Session-Reflector corrects the bit errors in the "Extra Padding
Data" STAMP TLV by matching the bit pattern and reflects the Data" STAMP TLV by matching the bit pattern and reflects the
corrected "Extra Padding Data" TLV to the Session-Sender. The corrected "Extra Padding Data" TLV to the Session-Sender. The
corrected "Extra Padding Data" is used to detect bit errors in the corrected "Extra Padding Data" is used to detect bit errors in the
reverse direction. reverse direction.
If the Session-Reflector receives a STAMP test packet with a "Bit If the Session-Reflector receives a STAMP test packet with a "Bit
Pattern in Padding Data" TLV or a "Bit Error Count in Padding Data" Pattern in Padding Data" TLV or a "Bit Error Count in Padding Data"
TLV without the "Extra Padding Data" TLV, it MUST set the U flag TLV without the "Extra Padding Data" TLV, it MUST set the U flag
(Unrecognized) in the STAMP TLV Flags in the reflected STAMP packet (Unrecognized) in the STAMP TLV Flags in the reflected STAMP packet
for those STAMP TLVs. Editor's Note: We could define a new TLV Flag for those STAMP TLVs. Editor's Note: We could use the TLV Flag
"Non-consistent message" for handling this condition. "Conformance Check from draft-ietf-ippm-asymmetrical-pkts" for
handling this condition.
4.3. Considerations for Link Aggregation Group 4.3. Considerations for Link Aggregation Group
Networks may experience transmission bit errors differently for Networks may experience transmission bit errors differently for
different link members in a Link Aggregation Group (LAG). The STAMP different link members in a Link Aggregation Group (LAG). The STAMP
extensions for LAG are defined in [RFC9534]. The procedure and extensions for LAG are defined in [RFC9534]. The procedure and
extensions defined in this document are equally applicable for extensions defined in this document are equally applicable for
detecting bit errors in each individual LAG member link by creating a detecting bit errors in each individual LAG member link by creating a
separate micro-session for each link, as defined in [RFC9534]. separate micro-session for each link, as defined in [RFC9534]. Note
that in order to get a good approximation of the bit errors, it is
desired to transmit the STAMP test packets that match the link MTU
size.
5. STAMP Extensions 5. STAMP Extensions
5.1. Bit Pattern in Padding Data STAMP TLV 5.1. Bit Pattern in Padding Data STAMP TLV
The "Bit Pattern in Padding Data" STAMP TLV is optional and is The "Bit Pattern in Padding Data" STAMP TLV is optional and is
carried by Session-Sender and Session-Reflector test packets. The carried by Session-Sender and Session-Reflector test packets. The
format of the TLV is shown in Figure 3. format of the TLV is shown in Figure 3.
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
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The TLV fields are defined as follows: The TLV fields are defined as follows:
Type: Type (value TBA2) Type: Type (value TBA2)
STAMP TLV Flags: The STAMP TLV Flags follow the procedures described STAMP TLV Flags: The STAMP TLV Flags follow the procedures described
in [RFC8972]. in [RFC8972].
Length: A two-octet field set to 4 for the Data. Length: A two-octet field set to 4 for the Data.
6. Security Considerations 6. Data Model Parameters
The security considerations specified in [RFC8762], [RFC8972], The configuration data model for bit error detection and bit error
[RFC9534] apply to the procedure and extensions defined in this rate measurement using STAMP MUST allow to set the following
document. parameters:
7. IANA Considerations - Padding data size
- Padding bit pattern
- Transmit interval for the STAMP test packets
- Computation interval as a multiple of transmit interval for
reporting bit error rate
The operational data model for bit error detection and bit error rate
measurement using STAMP MUST allow to telemetry the following
parameters:
- Number of total packets received in the computation interval
- Number of total packets received with bit errors in the
computation interval
- Number of total bits in the padding TLV of all received packets
in the computation interval
- Number of total bit error count in the padding TLV of all
received packets in the computation interval
7. Security Considerations
The security considerations specified in [RFC8762] and [RFC8972]
apply to the procedure and extensions defined in this document.
8. IANA Considerations
IANA has created the "STAMP TLV Types" registry for [RFC8972]. IANA IANA has created the "STAMP TLV Types" registry for [RFC8972]. IANA
is requested to allocate a value for the "Bit Pattern in Padding is requested to allocate a value for the "Bit Pattern in Padding
Data" TLV Type and a value for the "Bit Error Count in Padding Data" Data" TLV Type and a value for the "Bit Error Count in Padding Data"
TLV Type from the IETF Review TLV range of the same registry. TLV Type from the IETF Review TLV range of the same registry.
+=======+=================================+===============+ +=======+=================================+===============+
| Value | Description | Reference | | Value | Description | Reference |
+=======+=================================+===============+ +=======+=================================+===============+
| TBA1 | Bit Pattern in Padding Data | This document | | TBA1 | Bit Pattern in Padding Data | This document |
+-------+---------------------------------+---------------+ +-------+---------------------------------+---------------+
| TBA2 | Bit Error Count in Padding Data | This document | | TBA2 | Bit Error Count in Padding Data | This document |
+-------+---------------------------------+---------------+ +-------+---------------------------------+---------------+
Table 1: STAMP TLV Types Table 1: STAMP TLV Types
8. References 9. References
8.1. Normative References 9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
skipping to change at page 9, line 39 skipping to change at page 10, line 51
Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol", RFC 8762, Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol", RFC 8762,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8762, March 2020, DOI 10.17487/RFC8762, March 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8762>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8762>.
[RFC8972] Mirsky, G., Min, X., Nydell, H., Foote, R., Masputra, A., [RFC8972] Mirsky, G., Min, X., Nydell, H., Foote, R., Masputra, A.,
and E. Ruffini, "Simple Two-Way Active Measurement and E. Ruffini, "Simple Two-Way Active Measurement
Protocol Optional Extensions", RFC 8972, Protocol Optional Extensions", RFC 8972,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8972, January 2021, DOI 10.17487/RFC8972, January 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8972>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8972>.
8.2. Informative References 9.2. Informative References
[RFC9534] Li, Z., Zhou, T., Guo, J., Mirsky, G., and R. Gandhi, [RFC9534] Li, Z., Zhou, T., Guo, J., Mirsky, G., and R. Gandhi,
"Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol Extensions for "Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol Extensions for
Performance Measurement on a Link Aggregation Group", Performance Measurement on a Link Aggregation Group",
RFC 9534, DOI 10.17487/RFC9534, January 2024, RFC 9534, DOI 10.17487/RFC9534, January 2024,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9534>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9534>.
Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Ianik Semco and Miloslav Kopka for The authors would like to thank Ianik Semco and Miloslav Kopka for
the discussions on the bit error rate measurements. the discussions on the bit error rate measurements. The authors
would also like to thank Ruediger Geib and William Hawkins for
reviewing this document and providing many useful comments and
suggestions.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Rakesh Gandhi (editor) Rakesh Gandhi (editor)
Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Systems, Inc.
Canada Canada
Email: rgandhi@cisco.com Email: rgandhi@cisco.com
Peter Schoenmaker Peter Schoenmaker
Meta Platforms, Inc. Meta Platforms, Inc.
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