Re: [OAUTH-WG] Comparing the JSON Token drafts

[Mike Jones <[e-mail]>]

The situation you site is exactly analogous to the situation where sites need to determine what claims they need to exchange in order to be able to work together.

There is no provision in the protocol for signaling what claims you understand and require.  It's not that this isn't essential or that it won't happen.  It's just that it happens via mechanisms not specified in the protocol.
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The same is true of the cryptographic algorithms employed to secure those claims.  If you're going to interact with a particular site, you need to understand what crypto algorithms both of you support (and that meet the security requirements of your particular application).  That needn't be in the core protocol any more than application-specific sets of claims do.

                                             -- Mike

From: Dirk Balfanz [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sent: Friday, October 01, 2010 8:45 PM
To: Yaron Goland
Cc: Anthony Nadalin; Mike Jones; [e-mail]
Subject: Re: [OAUTH-WG] Comparing the JSON Token drafts

On Fri, Oct 1, 2010 at 3:41 PM, Yaron Goland <[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>> wrote:
No matter what algorithm or key size we pick the choice will prove unsupportable for any number of implementers due to everything from security issues (no matter what key size we pick, someone will have a real need for something larger) to legal issues (various countries have their own opinions about what to use where, a la the NSA suite list).

So we are going to have to support multiple algorithms and we are going to have to deal with algorithm negotiation. I literally can see no way around that.

I agree that over time, what will be considered secure will change. I also agree that usually this means that there is some sort of negotiation happening on what the two parties support. How would that happen here? Remember that - as one datapoint - Google won't be able to support the ECC algorithm. What happens when you can't support one of the proposed algorithms, and there is no provision in the protocol to signal this to other parties?

Dirk.


                                Yaron

From: [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]> [mailto:[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>] On Behalf Of Anthony Nadalin
Sent: Wednesday, September 29, 2010 8:34 AM
To: Dirk Balfanz; Mike Jones

Cc: [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: [OAUTH-WG] Comparing the JSON Token drafts

> So this one I do feel more strongly about: We should only include crypto mechanisms that everybody MUST support. Otherwise, we'll have to invent some sort of negotiation step in the protocol: "do you support alg XYZ? No I don't, > please use ABC". Let's not do that.

>As just one datapoint, Google would have a hard time supporting ECC, since it's not in the Java core library. We don't use bouncycastle.

I agree that there can be license issues that one could encounter with ECC (as we all did with RSA), there are already customers that require ECC, and so there is a need to have alternative algorithms that you don't have to support. We already have the issue of "do you support" with claims and token types, etc

From: [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]> [mailto:[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>] On Behalf Of Dirk Balfanz
Sent: Tuesday, September 28, 2010 10:23 AM
To: Mike Jones
Cc: [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: [OAUTH-WG] Comparing the JSON Token drafts

On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 5:46 PM, Mike Jones <[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>> wrote:
Dirk and I both posted JSON Token drafts on Thursday.  They are at http://balfanz.github.com/jsontoken-spec/draft-balfanz-jsontoken-00.html (which I'll refer to as Dirk's draft) and http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-goland-json-web-token-00.html (which I'll refer to as JWT).  This note points out some of the differences (and commonalities) in the interest of building consensus towards a unified approach.

Commonalities:

*         Both have ways of expressing the signature algorithm, token issuer, token expiration time, and intended audience.

*         Both use a form of base64url encoding of the JSON claim data.

*         Both require support for the HMAC SHA-256 signature algorithm, and describe how to sign with RSA SHA-256 as well.

Differences:

*         Dirk's draft uses a base64url encoding that may include one or two '=' pad characters.  The JWT draft uses base64url encoding without padding.

*         JWT uses shorter claim names in the interest of brevity ("iss", "exp", and "aud", versus "issuer", "not_after", and "audience").

*         JWT also describes how to sign with ECDSA SHA-256, plus HMAC, RSA, and ECDSA with longer key lengths.

*         Dirk's tokens must be signed, whereas signing JWTs is optional.

*         Dirk's draft provides for a key_id parameter and a means of serializing keys.

*         Dirk's draft utilizes a Magic Signatures envelope, whereas the only "envelope" component of a JWT is the encoded signature.

*         Dirk's draft proposes that a particular discovery mechanism be used with JSON tokens.

Let me tackle the differences one at a time, in hopes of driving towards a consensus position.

Hi there - thanks for writhing this up. Comments below:

*         To pad or not to pad:  The '=' pad characters add length, are not URL-safe (and therefore must be escaped when used in URLs, adding more length), and add no information.  Therefore, I would propose that we agree not to use padding (as permitted by RFC 4648, Section 5<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-5>), especially since a no-padding implementation is trivial, as shown in JWT Section 13<http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-goland-json-web-token-00.html#base64urlnotes>.

I don't feel strongly about this, but remember John Panzer's cautionary tales here: Apparently, padding-less encoding is not well-supported in some frameworks, which can lead to confusion.


*         Claim name length: Given that a core goal of both specs is short tokens, I would propose that we use the shorter reserved claim names.  Having short tokens is especially important when used with mobile browsers, where URL length restrictions may be severe.  (People are always free to use longer ones in any particular application context if they have a reason to do so.)

I don't feel strongly about this, but I think many people do want to have more descriptive names here.


*         Elliptic curve crypto and longer key lengths:  The JWT spec defines how to use ECC as well as HMAC and RSA.  Given ECC's inclusion in NSA Suite B<http://www.nsa.gov/ia/programs/suiteb_cryptography/index.shtml> and that it has engineering advantages over RSA (shorter key lengths and more efficient computations), it makes sense that any modern spec incorporating cryptography allow its use as an option.  Likewise, it makes sense for the spec to define how to use longer key lengths on an optional basis.
So this one I do feel more strongly about: We should only include crypto mechanisms that everybody MUST support. Otherwise, we'll have to invent some sort of negotiation step in the protocol: "do you support alg XYZ? No I don't, please use ABC". Let's not do that.

As just one datapoint, Google would have a hard time supporting ECC, since it's not in the Java core library. We don't use bouncycastle.


*         Unsigned tokens:  In some application contexts, it may make sense to send unsigned tokens if carried in a signed and/or encrypted container or channel.  Allowing for unsigned tokens means that double signing need not occur.
That one just confuses me :-) What's the difference between OAuth without signatures and unsigned tokens? Is the latter not just a more complicated way of doing the former?


*         Key identification:  I agree that having means of identifying and distributing keys are critical for to end-to-end security of signed tokens.  That's a separate point from whether the key identification and distribution mechanisms should be part of the token format specification, or treated separately.  I would advocate that it be treated separately (as was done with SWTs as well), but am open to discussion on this point.

*         Discovery:  Like key distribution, I believe that an agreement on discovery mechanisms is critical to many use cases.  But like key distribution, I'd like us to take that up in a separate specification, rather than tightly binding the use of JSON tokens to a particular discovery mechanism.

Here is where I'm coming from: I find the public-key versions of the signatures much more intriguing - they allow for easier key management, key rotation, etc. To actually reap the benefits of key rotation, though, we need to say how to find out what the currently-used key is. If we don't, then a lot of the potential advantage of using public keys evaporates. I'm concerned that, lacking the discovery spec, developers will start hard-coding keys into their servers, and we'll end up in a situation where we can't rotate keys when Something Bad happens.


*         Envelope structure:  Dirk's draft proposes that the signed content be wrapped in a particular kind of envelope.  Among other things, this envelope can help prevent a token from being repurposed from one context to another, by having a clear (and cryptographically verified) declaration that "This is a JSON token".  I understand this motivation and am open to discussions on how to best achieve it, while still providing as little mechanism as possible (but no less :)).
Well, you've seen my proposal on how to achieve it :-), but I'm also open to better ways, if someone comes up with one...

Dirk.


Dirk, and others, please jump in!

                                                                -- Mike