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From: Sachin Mamoru <sachinmamoru@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Feb 2024 00:56:33 +0530
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To: Neil Madden <neil.e.madden@gmail.com>
Cc: oauth@ietf.org, janak@wso2.com, thilinasenarath97@gmail.com, 
 "piraveena@wso2.com" <piraveena@wso2.com>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/oauth/8R0OSKDjSuNuE7lKlUMjU-JkBfs>
Subject: Re: [OAUTH-WG] Evaluation of Scope Management in Refresh Token
 Behavior
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Hi Neil,

Thanks for the clarification.
But Curity has a different approach and they implemented it according to
the concept of narrowing down the refresh token scopes.

"The scope was originally read openid profile and after refresh the access
was reduced to read profile (i.e., the access_token now only has read
profile scope and any new tokens obtained using the refresh token
daa38700-ba96-4ef1-8b30-5cb3527aae19 will have the same, reduced scope).
Note that *increasing* the scope of access cannot be done in this way
unless first reduced and increased back to the original scope."

[1]
https://curity.io/resources/learn/refresh-tokens/#changing-scope-of-access-=
token-on-refresh

Thanks & Regards,
Sachin

On Tue, 20 Feb 2024 at 21:59, Neil Madden <neil.e.madden@gmail.com> wrote:

>
>
> On 20 Feb 2024, at 11:02, Sachin Mamoru <sachinmamoru@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> =EF=BB=BF
> Hi Neil,
>
> Does that mean it should be identical to the narrowed scope request or th=
e
> original request scope?
>
>
> It says it has to be identical to the scope of the existing refresh token
> in the request, not the scope specified in the request. So effectively yo=
u
> can never downscope a refresh token in this way. Whatever scope you
> specify, any RT returned must always retain the original scope.
>
> (There are other ways to downscope a RT, eg ForgeRock=E2=80=99s macaroons=
 allow
> you to attenuate the scope if you wish).
>
> =E2=80=94 Neil
>
>
> On Tue, 20 Feb 2024 at 16:31, Sachin Mamoru <sachinmamoru@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>>
>>
>> On Tue, 20 Feb 2024 at 12:23, Neil Madden <neil.e.madden@gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>>>
>>> On 20 Feb 2024, at 06:44, Sachin Mamoru <sachinmamoru@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>> =EF=BB=BF
>>> Hi All,
>>>
>>> When we request an access token using 3 scopes (scope1, scope2, scope3)=
.
>>>
>>> Then will receive a refresh token (refresh_token1) with the access toke=
n.
>>>
>>> After that will request another access token with refresh_token1 and
>>> provide the scope list as scope1 and scope2 (Narrow down scopes).
>>>
>>> Similarly, get another refresh token (refresh_token2) with the access
>>> token.
>>>
>>> Now if we request another access token with refresh_token2, we cannot
>>> request scope3, instead, we can either request both scope1 and scope2 o=
r
>>> one of them.
>>>
>>> But in the specification, didn't able to find anything related to
>>> narrow-down scopes with refresh token.
>>>
>>> From Spec
>>>
>>> 1.5.  Refresh Token - Refresh tokens are issued to the client by the
>>> authorization server and are used to obtain a new access token when the
>>> current access token becomes invalid or expires or to obtain additional
>>> access tokens with identical or narrower scope (access tokens may have
>>> a shorter lifetime and fewer permissions than authorized by the
>>> resource owner).
>>>
>>> 6.  Refreshing an Access Token
>>>
>>> The scope of the access request as described by Section 3.3.  The
>>> requested scope MUST NOT include any scope not originally granted by
>>> the resource owner, and if omitted is treated as equal to the scope
>>> originally granted by the resource owner.
>>>
>>> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749
>>>
>>>
>>> IMO, from a security aspect, the current behaviour is much more secure
>>> because it is designed to maintain the principle of least privilege, wh=
ere
>>> it updates the refresh token authorised scopes based on the requested o=
nes.
>>>
>>>
>>> What should be the correct behaviour?
>>> narrow-down scope refresh token should also be able to request access
>>> token with original scope list?
>>>
>>>
>>> Also from section 6:
>>>
>>> If a
>>>    new refresh token is issued, the refresh token scope MUST be
>>>    identical to that of the refresh token included by the client in the
>>>    request.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> =E2=80=94 Neil
>>>
>>>
>>
>> --
>>
>> Sachin Mamoru
>> Software Engineer, WSO2
>> +94771292681
>> | sachinmamoru.me  <https://sachinmamoru.me>
>> sachinmamoru@gmail.com  <sachinmamoru@gmail.com>
>> <https://www.linkedin.com/in/sachin-mamoru/>
>> <https://twitter.com/MamoruSachin>
>>
>>
>
> --
>
> Sachin Mamoru
> Software Engineer, WSO2
> +94771292681
> | sachinmamoru.me  <https://sachinmamoru.me>
> sachinmamoru@gmail.com  <sachinmamoru@gmail.com>
> <https://www.linkedin.com/in/sachin-mamoru/>
> <https://twitter.com/MamoruSachin>
>
>

--=20

Sachin Mamoru
Software Engineer, WSO2
+94771292681
| sachinmamoru.me  <https://sachinmamoru.me>
sachinmamoru@gmail.com  <sachinmamoru@gmail.com>
<https://www.linkedin.com/in/sachin-mamoru/>
<https://twitter.com/MamoruSachin>

--000000000000cea73d0611d53096
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi Neil,<div><br></div><div>Thanks for the clarification.<=
/div><div>But Curity has a different approach and they implemented it accor=
ding to the concept of narrowing down=C2=A0the refresh token scopes.</div><=
div><br></div><div>&quot;<span style=3D"color:rgb(77,77,77);font-family:Rob=
oto-Regular,-apple-system,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto=
,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17.6px">The scope was originally=C2=
=A0</span><code style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-family:Roboto-Mono,Cons=
olas,Monaco,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;Ubuntu Mono&quot;,monospace;backg=
round-color:rgb(247,250,252);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);border-radiu=
s:4px;font-size:14px;padding:0.15em 0.2em 0.05em;word-break:break-word;colo=
r:rgb(77,77,77)">read openid profile</code><span style=3D"color:rgb(77,77,7=
7);font-family:Roboto-Regular,-apple-system,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Seg=
oe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17.6px">=C2=A0and a=
fter refresh the access was reduced to=C2=A0</span><code style=3D"box-sizin=
g:border-box;font-family:Roboto-Mono,Consolas,Monaco,&quot;Andale Mono&quot=
;,&quot;Ubuntu Mono&quot;,monospace;background-color:rgb(247,250,252);borde=
r:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);border-radius:4px;font-size:14px;padding:0.15e=
m 0.2em 0.05em;word-break:break-word;color:rgb(77,77,77)">read profile</cod=
e><span style=3D"color:rgb(77,77,77);font-family:Roboto-Regular,-apple-syst=
em,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-s=
erif;font-size:17.6px">=C2=A0(i.e., the=C2=A0</span><code style=3D"box-sizi=
ng:border-box;font-family:Roboto-Mono,Consolas,Monaco,&quot;Andale Mono&quo=
t;,&quot;Ubuntu Mono&quot;,monospace;background-color:rgb(247,250,252);bord=
er:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);border-radius:4px;font-size:14px;padding:0.15=
em 0.2em 0.05em;word-break:break-word;color:rgb(77,77,77)">access_token</co=
de><span style=3D"color:rgb(77,77,77);font-family:Roboto-Regular,-apple-sys=
tem,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-=
serif;font-size:17.6px">=C2=A0now only has=C2=A0</span><code style=3D"box-s=
izing:border-box;font-family:Roboto-Mono,Consolas,Monaco,&quot;Andale Mono&=
quot;,&quot;Ubuntu Mono&quot;,monospace;background-color:rgb(247,250,252);b=
order:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);border-radius:4px;font-size:14px;padding:0=
.15em 0.2em 0.05em;word-break:break-word;color:rgb(77,77,77)">read profile<=
/code><span style=3D"color:rgb(77,77,77);font-family:Roboto-Regular,-apple-=
system,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sa=
ns-serif;font-size:17.6px">=C2=A0scope and any new tokens obtained using th=
e refresh token=C2=A0</span><code style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-famil=
y:Roboto-Mono,Consolas,Monaco,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;Ubuntu Mono&quo=
t;,monospace;background-color:rgb(247,250,252);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,=
0.05);border-radius:4px;font-size:14px;padding:0.15em 0.2em 0.05em;word-bre=
ak:break-word;color:rgb(77,77,77)">daa38700-ba96-4ef1-8b30-5cb3527aae19</co=
de><span style=3D"color:rgb(77,77,77);font-family:Roboto-Regular,-apple-sys=
tem,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-=
serif;font-size:17.6px">=C2=A0will have the same, reduced scope). Note that=
=C2=A0</span><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-family:Roboto-Regular,=
-apple-system,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,A=
rial,sans-serif;color:rgb(77,77,77);font-size:17.6px">increasing</em><span =
style=3D"color:rgb(77,77,77);font-family:Roboto-Regular,-apple-system,&quot=
;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;fon=
t-size:17.6px">=C2=A0the scope of access cannot be done in this way unless =
first reduced and increased back to the original scope.</span>&quot;</div><=
div><br></div><div>[1]=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://curity.io/resources/learn/re=
fresh-tokens/#changing-scope-of-access-token-on-refresh">https://curity.io/=
resources/learn/refresh-tokens/#changing-scope-of-access-token-on-refresh</=
a></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks &amp; Regards,</div><div>Sachin</div></d=
iv><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On =
Tue, 20 Feb 2024 at 21:59, Neil Madden &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:neil.e.madden@=
gmail.com">neil.e.madden@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote clas=
s=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid r=
gb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"auto"><div dir=3D"ltr"></div>=
<div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><div dir=3D"ltr"><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">O=
n 20 Feb 2024, at 11:02, Sachin Mamoru &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sachinmamoru@g=
mail.com" target=3D"_blank">sachinmamoru@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><br></=
blockquote></div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div dir=3D"ltr">=EF=BB=BF<div d=
ir=3D"ltr">Hi Neil,<div><br></div><div>Does that mean it should be identica=
l to the narrowed scope request or the original request scope?</div></div><=
/div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>It says it has to be identical to the=
 scope of the existing refresh token in the request, not the scope specifie=
d in the request. So effectively you can never downscope a refresh token in=
 this way. Whatever scope you specify, any RT returned must always retain t=
he original scope.=C2=A0</div><div><br></div><div>(There are other ways to =
downscope a RT, eg ForgeRock=E2=80=99s macaroons allow you to attenuate the=
 scope if you wish).=C2=A0</div><div><br></div><div>=E2=80=94 Neil</div><br=
><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Tue, 20 Feb 2024 at 16:31, Sachin =
Mamoru &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sachinmamoru@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">sach=
inmamoru@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote=
" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);=
padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"=
><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Tue, 20 Feb 2024 at 12:23, Neil M=
adden &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:neil.e.madden@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">neil=
.e.madden@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quot=
e" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204)=
;padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"auto"><div dir=3D"ltr"></div><div dir=3D"ltr=
"><br></div><div dir=3D"ltr"><blockquote type=3D"cite">On 20 Feb 2024, at 0=
6:44, Sachin Mamoru &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sachinmamoru@gmail.com" target=3D=
"_blank">sachinmamoru@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><br></blockquote></div><b=
lockquote type=3D"cite"><div dir=3D"ltr">=EF=BB=BF<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi All,<=
div><br></div><div><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;m=
argin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transpar=
ent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant=
-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif=
">When we request an access token using 3 scopes (scope1, scope2, scope3).<=
/font></span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;mar=
gin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparen=
t;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-a=
lternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif">=
Then will receive a refresh token (refresh_token1) with the access token.</=
font></span></p><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><br></font><p dir=3D"ltr" =
style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"c=
olor:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;fo=
nt-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:=
baseline"><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif">After that will request another =
access token with refresh_token1 and provide the scope list as scope1 and s=
cope2 (Narrow down scopes).</font></span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-h=
eight:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0)=
;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east=
-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><font=
 face=3D"arial, sans-serif">Similarly, get another refresh token (refresh_t=
oken2) with the access token.</font></span></p><font face=3D"arial, sans-se=
rif"><br></font><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;marg=
in-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent=
;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-al=
ternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif">N=
ow if we request another access token with refresh_token2, we cannot reques=
t scope3, instead, we can either request both scope1 and scope2 or one of t=
hem.<br></font></span></p><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><br></font><p di=
r=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span =
style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric=
:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;verti=
cal-align:baseline"><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif">But in the specificati=
on, didn&#39;t able to find anything related to narrow-down scopes with ref=
resh token.</font></span></p><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><br></font><p=
 dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><sp=
an style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-nume=
ric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;te=
xt-decoration-line:underline;vertical-align:baseline"><font face=3D"arial, =
sans-serif">From Spec</font></span></p><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><br=
></font><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-botto=
m:0pt"><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);bac=
kground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asi=
an:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">1.5.=C2=
=A0 Refresh Token -=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"background-color:transparent=
;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Refresh tokens are issued to the client by the authoriza=
tion server and are=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"background-color:transparent=
;color:rgb(0,0,0)">used to obtain a new access token when the current acces=
s token=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"background-color:transparent;color:rgb(0=
,0,0)">becomes invalid or expires or to obtain additional access tokens=C2=
=A0</span><span style=3D"background-color:transparent;color:rgb(0,0,0)">wit=
h identical or narrower scope (access tokens may have a shorter=C2=A0</span=
><span style=3D"background-color:transparent;color:rgb(0,0,0)">lifetime and=
 fewer permissions than authorized by the resource=C2=A0</span><span style=
=3D"background-color:transparent;color:rgb(0,0,0)">owner).</span></font></p=
><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><br></font><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-h=
eight:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0)=
;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east=
-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><font=
 face=3D"arial, sans-serif">6.=C2=A0 Refreshing an Access Token</font></spa=
n></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:=
0pt"><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);backg=
round-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian=
:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">The scope o=
f the access request as described by=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"background-=
color:transparent;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Section 3.3.=C2=A0 The requested scope =
MUST NOT include any scope=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"background-color:tran=
sparent;color:rgb(0,0,0)">not originally granted by the resource owner, and=
 if omitted is=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"background-color:transparent;colo=
r:rgb(0,0,0)">treated as equal to the scope originally granted by the=C2=A0=
</span><span style=3D"background-color:transparent;color:rgb(0,0,0)">resour=
ce owner.</span></font></p><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><br></font><p d=
ir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><a hr=
ef=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749" style=3D"text-decorati=
on-line:none" target=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"background-color:transparent=
;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-al=
ternates:normal;text-decoration-line:underline;vertical-align:baseline"><fo=
nt face=3D"arial, sans-serif">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749=
</font></span></a></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0p=
t;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><br></font></p><p dir=
=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font f=
ace=3D"arial, sans-serif">IMO, from a security aspect, the current behaviou=
r is much more secure because it is designed to maintain the principle of l=
east privilege, where it updates the refresh token authorised scopes based =
on the requested ones.</font></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.2;ma=
rgin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><br></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height=
:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">What should be the correct behaviour=
?<br>narrow-down scope refresh token should also be able to request access =
token with original scope list?<font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><br></font>=
</p></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Also from section 6:=
</div><div><br></div><div><pre style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-size:11.=
04px;margin-bottom:0px;overflow:visible;padding:0px;width:80ch;color:rgb(32=
,37,42)">If a
   new refresh token is issued, the refresh token scope MUST be
   identical to that of the refresh token included by the client in the
   request.</pre><pre style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-size:11.04px;marg=
in-bottom:0px;overflow:visible;padding:0px;width:80ch;color:rgb(32,37,42)">=
<br></pre><pre style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-size:11.04px;margin-bott=
om:0px;overflow:visible;padding:0px;width:80ch;color:rgb(32,37,42)"><br></p=
re><pre style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-size:11.04px;margin-bottom:0px;=
overflow:visible;padding:0px;width:80ch;color:rgb(32,37,42)"><br></pre><pre=
 style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-size:11.04px;margin-bottom:0px;overflo=
w:visible;padding:0px;width:80ch;color:rgb(32,37,42)"><br></pre><pre style=
=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-size:11.04px;margin-bottom:0px;overflow:visi=
ble;padding:0px;width:80ch;color:rgb(32,37,42)">=E2=80=94 Neil</pre></div><=
/div></blockquote></div><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div><span class=3D"gma=
il_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signatur=
e"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><table style=3D"direction:ltr;border-c=
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ight:1px;font-size:1pt">=C2=A0</td><td style=3D"padding:0.01px 0.01px 0.01p=
x 14px;vertical-align:top" valign=3D"top"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"line-h=
eight:1.2;padding:0.01px 0.01px 12px"><span style=3D"font-family:Arial;text=
-transform:initial;font-weight:bold"><span style=3D"color:rgb(100,100,100);=
font-size:16px"> Sachin Mamoru </span></span><br><span style=3D"font-size:1=
3px;letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Arial;text-transform:initial;font-weight=
:bold;color:rgb(100,100,100)"> Software Engineer, </span> <span style=3D"fo=
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" style=3D"border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"padding:0.01px=
"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:colla=
pse"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"line-height:0;padding:0.01px 0.01px 6px"><tabl=
e cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:collapse;lin=
e-height:14px;font-size:12px;font-family:Arial"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"pad=
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dding:0px 4px"><span style=3D"font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold;font-size:=
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dding:0.01px;font-family:Arial;font-size:12px"><a href=3D"https://sachinmam=
oru.me" style=3D"text-decoration:unset;font-size:12px;font-family:Arial" ta=
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ily:Arial;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px"> sachinmamoru.me=C2=A0</span><=
/a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td st=
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1px 0.01px 6px"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-=
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chinmamoru@gmail.com=C2=A0</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></=
tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td style=3D"padding:=
12px 0.01px 0.01px"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"bor=
der-collapse:collapse;width:100%"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"padding:0.01px"><=
table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=
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"0"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbo=
dy></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=
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r></div><img src=3D"https://tracy.srv.wisestamp.com/px/5434123278745600.png=
" alt=3D""></div></div>
</blockquote></div><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div><span class=3D"gmail_si=
gnature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signature"><d=
iv dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><table style=3D"direction:ltr;border-collap=
se:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"font-size:0px;height:12px;line-height:=
0"></td></tr><tr><td><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"bo=
rder-collapse:collapse;font-family:Arial;line-height:1.15;color:rgb(0,0,0)"=
><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:top;padding:0.01px 14px 0.01px 0.01=
px"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:col=
lapse;width:65px"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"padding:0.01px 10px 0px 0px"><img=
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tyle=3D"width: 65px; vertical-align: initial; border-radius: 0px; display: =
block;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td height=3D"1" width=3D"0" style=
=3D"width:0px;padding:0.01px;border-right:1px solid rgb(189,189,189);height=
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px;vertical-align:top" valign=3D"top"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"line-heig=
ht:1.2;padding:0.01px 0.01px 12px"><span style=3D"font-family:Arial;text-tr=
ansform:initial;font-weight:bold"><span style=3D"color:rgb(100,100,100);fon=
t-size:16px"> Sachin Mamoru </span></span><br><span style=3D"font-size:13px=
;letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Arial;text-transform:initial;font-weight:bo=
ld;color:rgb(100,100,100)"> Software Engineer, </span> <span style=3D"font-=
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padding:0.01px;line-height:0"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" st=
yle=3D"border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"padding:0.01px"><t=
able cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:collapse"=
><tbody><tr><td style=3D"line-height:0;padding:0.01px 0.01px 6px"><table ce=
llpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:collapse;line-he=
ight:14px;font-size:12px;font-family:Arial"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"padding=
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</table></td><td style=3D"line-height:0;padding:0.01px 0.01px 6px"><table c=
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g:0.01px;font-family:Arial;font-size:12px"><a href=3D"https://sachinmamoru.=
me" style=3D"text-decoration:unset;font-size:12px;font-family:Arial" target=
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Arial;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px"> sachinmamoru.me=C2=A0</span></a><=
/td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td style=
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r><td style=3D"padding:0.01px;font-family:Arial;font-size:12px"><a href=3D"=
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:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:Arial;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px"> sachin=
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y></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td style=3D"padding:12px=
 0.01px 0.01px"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-=
collapse:collapse;width:100%"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"padding:0.01px"><tabl=
e border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"=
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</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody><=
/table></td></tr></tbody></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"=
 border=3D"0" style=3D"max-width:600px;width:100%"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"=
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v><img src=3D"https://tracy.srv.wisestamp.com/px/5434123278745600.png" alt=
=3D""></div></div>
</div></blockquote></div></blockquote></div><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></di=
v><span class=3D"gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir=3D"ltr" cla=
ss=3D"gmail_signature"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><table style=3D"di=
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ht:1.15;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:top;paddin=
g:0.01px 14px 0.01px 0.01px"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" sty=
le=3D"border-collapse:collapse;width:65px"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"padding:=
0.01px 10px 0px 0px"><img src=3D"https://d36urhup7zbd7q.cloudfront.net/29e6=
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t=3D"auto" width=3D"65" style=3D"width: 65px; vertical-align: initial; bord=
er-radius: 0px; display: block;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td height=
=3D"1" width=3D"0" style=3D"width:0px;padding:0.01px;border-right:1px solid=
 rgb(189,189,189);height:1px;font-size:1pt">=C2=A0</td><td style=3D"padding=
:0.01px 0.01px 0.01px 14px;vertical-align:top" valign=3D"top"><table cellpa=
dding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr=
><td style=3D"line-height:1.2;padding:0.01px 0.01px 12px"><span style=3D"fo=
nt-family:Arial;text-transform:initial;font-weight:bold"><span style=3D"col=
or:rgb(100,100,100);font-size:16px"> Sachin Mamoru </span></span><br><span =
style=3D"font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Arial;text-transform=
:initial;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(100,100,100)"> Software Engineer, </spa=
n> <span style=3D"font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Arial;text-=
transform:initial;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(100,100,100)"> WSO2</span></td=
></tr><tr><td style=3D"padding:0.01px;line-height:0"><table cellpadding=3D"=
0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td styl=
e=3D"padding:0.01px"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"bo=
rder-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"line-height:0;padding:0.01p=
x 0.01px 6px"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-co=
llapse:collapse;line-height:14px;font-size:12px;font-family:Arial"><tbody><=
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