< draft-ooamdt-rtgwg-ooam-requirement-00.txt   draft-ooamdt-rtgwg-ooam-requirement-01c.txt >
rtgwg N. Kumar rtgwg N. Kumar
Internet-Draft C. Pignataro Internet-Draft C. Pignataro
Intended status: Informational D. Kumar Intended status: Informational D. Kumar
Expires: September 22, 2016 Cisco Systems, Inc. Expires: January 7, 2017 Cisco Systems, Inc.
G. Mirsky G. Mirsky
Ericsson Ericsson
M. Chen M. Chen
Huawei Technologies Huawei Technologies
E. Nordmark E. Nordmark
Arista Networks Arista Networks
S. Pallagatti S. Pallagatti
Juniper Networks Juniper Networks
D. Mozes D. Mozes
Mellanox Technologies Ltd Mellanox Technologies Ltd
March 21, 2016 July 6, 2016
Overlay OAM Requirements Overlay OAM Requirements
draft-ooamdt-rtgwg-ooam-requirement-00 draft-ooamdt-rtgwg-ooam-requirement-01
Abstract Abstract
This document describes a list of functional requirements for This document describes a list of functional requirements for
Operations Administration and Maintenance (OAM) in various Overlay Operations Administration and Maintenance (OAM) in various Overlay
and Service networks like Service Function Chaining (SFC), Bit Index and Service networks like Service Function Chaining (SFC), Bit Index
Explicit Replication (BIER), Network Virtualization over Layer 3 Explicit Replication (BIER), Network Virtualization over Layer 3
(NVO3). (NVO3).
Status of This Memo Status of This Memo
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Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 22, 2016. This Internet-Draft will expire on January 7, 2017.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Detailed Requirement List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Detailed Requirement List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. Fault Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1. Fault Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1.1. Pro-active Fault Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1.1. Pro-active Fault Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1.2. On-demand Fault Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1.2. On-demand Fault Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. Performance Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2. Performance Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3. Alarm Indication Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.3. Alarm Indication Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.4. Overlay Network Resiliency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.4. Overlay Network Resiliency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
We have witnessed and participated in design of new paradigms in the We have witnessed and participated in design of new paradigms in the
networking that are aimed to address network virtualization, service networking that are aimed to address network virtualization, service
function chaining, and multicast services. New paradigms require new function chaining, and multicast services. New paradigms require new
architectural concepts, principles and components. [RFC7365] defines architectural concepts, principles and components. [RFC7365] defines
a framework for Data Center Network Virtualization over Layer 3 a framework for Data Center Network Virtualization over Layer 3
(NVO3). [RFC7665] describes the architecture for creating and (NVO3). [RFC7665] describes the architecture for creating and
maintaining Service Function Chains (SFCs) in a network. maintaining Service Function Chains (SFCs) in a network.
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2. Requirements notation 2. Requirements notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
3. Terminology 3. Terminology
ECMP: Equal Cost Multipath ECMP: Equal Cost Multipath
UCMP: Unequal Cost Multipath
SFC: Service Function Chaining SFC: Service Function Chaining
BIER: Bit Index Explicit Replication
BIER: Bit Index Explicit Replication
NVO3: Network Virtualization over L3 NVO3: Network Virtualization over L3
OAM: Operations, Administration and Maintenance OAM: Operations, Administration and Maintenance
MPLS: Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS: Multiprotocol Label Switching
VxLAN: Virtual Extensible Local Area Network VxLAN: Virtual Extensible Local Area Network
NVGRE: Network Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation NVGRE: Network Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation
Centralized Controller: An external standalone or virtual entity with
topology awareness and with an ability to interact with network
devices for OAM functionality.
Overlay nodes: Network nodes participating in the Overlay network.
Underlay Network or Underlay Layer: The network that provides
connectivity between the Overlay nodes. MPLS network providing LSP
connectivity between BIER nodes is an example for underlay layer.
Overlay Network or Overlay Layer: A network layer that is built on
top another network layer. VxLAN-GPE over IP network is an example
for Overlay layer.
4. Detailed Requirement List 4. Detailed Requirement List
This section list the OAM requirement for different Overlay networks. This section lists the OAM requirement for different Overlay
The below listed requirement MUST be supported with any underlay networks. The below listed requirement MUST be supported with any
transport network: underlay transport network:
REQ#1: The listed requirements MUST be supported with any type of REQ#1: The listed requirements MUST be supported with any type of
transport layer over which the overlay network can be transport layer over which the overlay network can be
realized realized
REQ#2: It MUST be possible to initialize Overlay OAM session from REQ#2: It MUST be possible to initialize Overlay OAM between any
any node in the overlay network. node towards any node(s) in the overlay network.
REQ#3: It SHOULD be possible to initialize an Overlay OAM session REQ#3: It SHOULD be possible to initialize an Overlay OAM from a
from a centralized controller. centralized controller.
REQ#4: Overlay OAM MUST support proactive and on-demand OAM REQ#4: Overlay OAM MUST support proactive and on-demand OAM
monitoring and measurement methods. monitoring and measurement methods.
REQ#5: Overlay OAM MUST support unidirectional OAM methods, both REQ#5: Overlay OAM MUST support unidirectional OAM methods for
continuity check and performance measurement. continuity check, connectivity verification and performance
measurement.
REQ#6: Overlay OAM packets SHOULD be fate sharing with data traffic, REQ#6: Overlay OAM packets SHOULD be fate sharing with data traffic,
i.e. in-band with the monitored traffic, i.e. follow exactly i.e. in-band with the monitored traffic, i.e. follow exactly
the same path as data plane traffic, in forward direction, the same overlay and transport path as data plane traffic,
i.e. from ingress toward egress end point(s) of the OAM test in forward direction, i.e. from ingress toward egress end
session. point(s) of the OAM test.
REQ#7: Overlay OAM MUST support bi-directional OAM methods. Such REQ#7: Overlay OAM MUST support bi-directional OAM methods. Such
OAM methods MAY combine in-band monitoring or measurement in OAM methods MAY combine in-band monitoring or measurement in
forward direction and out-of-band notification in the forward direction and out-of-band notification in the
reverse direction, i.e. from egress to ingress end point of reverse direction, i.e. from egress to ingress end point of
the OAM test session. the OAM test.
REQ#8: Overlay OAM MUST support Path Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
Discovery from the overlay layer over any transport layer.
4.1. Fault Management 4.1. Fault Management
4.1.1. Pro-active Fault Management 4.1.1. Pro-active Fault Management
Availability, not as performance metric, is understood as ability to Availability, not as performance metric, is understood as ability to
reach the node, i.e. the fact that path between ingress and egress reach the node, i.e. the fact that path between ingress and egress
does exist. Such OAM mechanism also referred as Continuity Check. does exist. Such OAM mechanism also referred as Continuity Check.
REQ#8: Overlay OAM MUST support pro-active monitoring of any virtual REQ#9: Overlay OAM MUST support pro-active monitoring of any virtual
node availability in the given overlay network. node availability in the given overlay network.
REQ#9: Overlay OAM MUST support Reverse Defect Indication (RDI) REQ#10: Overlay OAM MUST support Remote Defect Indication (RDI)
notification by egress to the ingress, i.e. source of notification by egress to the ingress, i.e. source of
continuity checking. continuity checking.
REQ#10: Overlay OAM MUST support connectivity verification. REQ#11: Overlay OAM MUST support connectivity verification.
Definition of mis-connectivity defect entry and exit Definition of mis-connectivity defect entry and exit
criteria are outside the scope of this document. criteria are outside the scope of this document.
4.1.2. On-demand Fault Management 4.1.2. On-demand Fault Management
REQ#11: Overlay OAM MUST support fault localization of Loss of REQ#12: Overlay OAM MUST support fault localization of Loss of
Continuity check. Continuity check at Overlay layer.
REQ#12: Overlay OAM MUST support tracing path in overlay network REQ#13: Overlay OAM MAY support fault localization of Loss of
Continuity check at transport layer.
REQ#14: Overlay OAM MUST support tracing path in overlay network
through the virtual nodes. through the virtual nodes.
REQ#13: Overlay OAM MAY support verification of the mapping between REQ#15: Overlay OAM MAY support tracing path in underlay network
connecting overlay border nodes.
REQ#16: Overlay OAM MAY support verification of the mapping between
its data plane state and client layer services. its data plane state and client layer services.
REQ#14: Overlay OAM MUST have the ability to discover and exercise REQ#17: Overlay OAM MUST have the ability to discover and exercise
equal cost multipath (ECMP) paths in its transport network. equal cost multipath (ECMP) paths in its transport network.
REQ#15: Overlay OAM MUST be able to trigger on-demand FM with REQ#18: Overlay OAM MUST be able to trigger on-demand FM with
responses being directed towards initiator of such proxy responses being directed towards initiator of such proxy
request. request.
4.2. Performance Management 4.2. Performance Management
REQ#16: Overlay OAM MUST support active one-way packet delay This section lists both active and passive mode of performance
measurement. Section 3.4 and Section 3.5 of [RFC7799] defines the
definition for Active and Passive mode of Performance Measurement.
REQ#19: Overlay OAM MUST support active one-way packet delay
measurement. measurement.
REQ#17: Overlay OAM MUST support passive one-way packet delay REQ#20: Overlay OAM MUST support passive one-way packet delay
measurement. measurement.
REQ#18: Overlay OAM MUST support active two-way packet delay REQ#21: Overlay OAM MUST support active two-way packet delay
measurement. measurement.
REQ#19: Overlay OAM MUST support packet delay variation measurement. REQ#22: Overlay OAM MUST support packet delay variation measurement.
REQ#20: Overlay OAM MUST support active end to end packet loss REQ#23: Overlay OAM MUST support active end to end packet loss
measurement. measurement.
REQ#21: Overlay OAM MUST support passive end to end packet loss REQ#24: Overlay OAM MUST support passive end to end packet loss
measurement. measurement.
REQ#22: Overlay OAM SHOULD support active per-segment packet delay REQ#25: Overlay OAM SHOULD support active per-segment packet delay
measurement. measurement.
REQ#23: Overlay OAM SHOULD support passive per-segment packet delay REQ#26: Overlay OAM SHOULD support passive per-segment packet delay
measurement. measurement.
REQ#24: Overlay OAM SHOULD support active per-segment packet loss REQ#27: Overlay OAM SHOULD support active per-segment packet loss
measurement. measurement.
REQ#25: Overlay OAM SHOULD support passive per-segment packet loss REQ#28: Overlay OAM SHOULD support passive per-segment packet loss
measurement. measurement.
REQ#26: Overlay OAM MUST support delivered packet throughput REQ#29: Overlay OAM MUST support delivered packet throughput
measurement. measurement.
4.3. Alarm Indication Suppression 4.3. Alarm Indication Suppression
REQ#27: Overlay OAM MUST support defect notification mechanism, like REQ#30: Overlay OAM MUST support defect notification mechanism, like
Alarm Indication Signal. Alarm Indication Signal.
REQ#28: Any virtual node in the given overlay network MAY originate a REQ#31: Any virtual node in the given overlay network MAY originate a
defect notification addressed to any node in that network. defect notification addressed to any node in that network.
4.4. Overlay Network Resiliency 4.4. Overlay Network Resiliency
REQ#29: Overlay OAM MUST support methods to enable survivability of REQ#32: Overlay OAM MUST support methods to enable survivability of
an overlay network. These recovery methods MAY use an overlay network. These recovery methods MAY use
protection switching and restoration. protection switching and restoration.
5. IANA Considerations 5. IANA Considerations
This document does not propose any IANA consideration. This document does not propose any IANA consideration.
6. Security Considerations 6. Security Considerations
This document list the OAM requirement for various Overlay network This document list the OAM requirement for various Overlay
and does not raise any security considerations. encapsulations and may have security implications. For example, if
proactive FM is required, the security implication is that a passive
eavesdropper can know when the session is down. Or, proactive FM may
be used either to launch DoS or to highjack session and impact state,
e.g. cause protection switchover. These security implications are
natural results of the requirements, and do not depend on the
particular implementation. Whether existing security mechanisms of
existing protocols proposed to be re-used in OAM for overlay networks
are adequate or require enhancements is for further study. New OAM
protocols for overlay networks must consider their security mechanism
to on per-solution basis.
7. Acknowledgement 7. Acknowledgement
TBD The Authors would like to thank Ron Bonico, Tal Mizrahi, Alia Atlas
and Saumya Dikshit for their review and comments.
8. References 8. References
8.1. Normative References 8.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-bier-architecture] [I-D.ietf-bier-architecture]
Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Dolganow, A., P, T., and S. Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Dolganow, A., Przygienda, T., and
Aldrin, "Multicast using Bit Index Explicit Replication", S. Aldrin, "Multicast using Bit Index Explicit
draft-ietf-bier-architecture-03 (work in progress), Replication", draft-ietf-bier-architecture-03 (work in
January 2016. progress), January 2016.
[I-D.ietf-bier-mpls-encapsulation] [I-D.ietf-bier-mpls-encapsulation]
Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Dolganow, A., Tantsura, J., and Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Dolganow, A., Tantsura, J., and
S. Aldrin, "Encapsulation for Bit Index Explicit S. Aldrin, "Encapsulation for Bit Index Explicit
Replication in MPLS Networks", draft-ietf-bier-mpls- Replication in MPLS Networks", draft-ietf-bier-mpls-
encapsulation-03 (work in progress), February 2016. encapsulation-04 (work in progress), April 2016.
[I-D.ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe] [I-D.ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe]
Quinn, P., Manur, R., Kreeger, L., Lewis, D., Maino, F., Kreeger, L. and U. Elzur, "Generic Protocol Extension for
Smith, M., Agarwal, P., Yong, L., Xu, X., Elzur, U., Garg, VXLAN", draft-ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe-02 (work in progress),
P., and D. Melman, "Generic Protocol Extension for VXLAN", April 2016.
draft-ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe-01 (work in progress), November
2015.
[I-D.ietf-sfc-nsh] [I-D.ietf-sfc-nsh]
Quinn, P. and U. Elzur, "Network Service Header", draft- Quinn, P. and U. Elzur, "Network Service Header", draft-
ietf-sfc-nsh-02 (work in progress), January 2016. ietf-sfc-nsh-05 (work in progress), May 2016.
[I-D.ietf-sfc-oam-framework] [I-D.ietf-sfc-oam-framework]
Aldrin, S., Krishnan, R., Akiya, N., Pignataro, C., and A. Aldrin, S., Krishnan, R., Akiya, N., Pignataro, C., and A.
Ghanwani, "Service Function Chaining Operation, Ghanwani, "Service Function Chaining Operation,
Administration and Maintenance Framework", draft-ietf-sfc- Administration and Maintenance Framework", draft-ietf-sfc-
oam-framework-01 (work in progress), February 2016. oam-framework-01 (work in progress), February 2016.
[I-D.kumarzheng-bier-ping] [I-D.kumarzheng-bier-ping]
Kumar, N., Pignataro, C., Akiya, N., Zheng, L., Chen, M., Kumar, N., Pignataro, C., Akiya, N., Zheng, L., Chen, M.,
and G. Mirsky, "BIER Ping and Trace", draft-kumarzheng- and G. Mirsky, "BIER Ping and Trace", draft-kumarzheng-
bier-ping-02 (work in progress), December 2015. bier-ping-03 (work in progress), July 2016.
[I-D.nordmark-nvo3-transcending-traceroute] [I-D.nordmark-nvo3-transcending-traceroute]
Nordmark, E., Appanna, C., and A. Lo, "Layer-Transcending Nordmark, E., Appanna, C., and A. Lo, "Layer-Transcending
Traceroute for Overlay Networks like VXLAN", draft- Traceroute for Overlay Networks like VXLAN", draft-
nordmark-nvo3-transcending-traceroute-01 (work in nordmark-nvo3-transcending-traceroute-02 (work in
progress), October 2015. progress), March 2016.
[I-D.xu-bier-encapsulation] [I-D.xu-bier-encapsulation]
Xu, X., Somasundaram, S., Jacquenet, C., and R. Raszuk, Xu, X., somasundaram.s@alcatel-lucent.com, s., Jacquenet,
"BIER Encapsulation", draft-xu-bier-encapsulation-03 (work C., and R. Raszuk, "A Transport-Independent Bit Index
in progress), October 2015. Explicit Replication (BIER) Encapsulation Header", draft-
xu-bier-encapsulation-05 (work in progress), June 2016.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC7348] Mahalingam, M., Dutt, D., Duda, K., Agarwal, P., Kreeger, [RFC7348] Mahalingam, M., Dutt, D., Duda, K., Agarwal, P., Kreeger,
L., Sridhar, T., Bursell, M., and C. Wright, "Virtual L., Sridhar, T., Bursell, M., and C. Wright, "Virtual
eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN): A Framework for eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN): A Framework for
Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer 3 Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer 3
skipping to change at page 8, line 37 skipping to change at page 9, line 27
[RFC7637] Garg, P., Ed. and Y. Wang, Ed., "NVGRE: Network [RFC7637] Garg, P., Ed. and Y. Wang, Ed., "NVGRE: Network
Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation", Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation",
RFC 7637, DOI 10.17487/RFC7637, September 2015, RFC 7637, DOI 10.17487/RFC7637, September 2015,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7637>. <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7637>.
[RFC7665] Halpern, J., Ed. and C. Pignataro, Ed., "Service Function [RFC7665] Halpern, J., Ed. and C. Pignataro, Ed., "Service Function
Chaining (SFC) Architecture", RFC 7665, Chaining (SFC) Architecture", RFC 7665,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7665, October 2015, DOI 10.17487/RFC7665, October 2015,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7665>. <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7665>.
[RFC7799] Morton, A., "Active and Passive Metrics and Methods (with
Hybrid Types In-Between)", RFC 7799, DOI 10.17487/RFC7799,
May 2016, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7799>.
8.2. Informative References 8.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-bier-oam-requirements] [I-D.ietf-bier-oam-requirements]
Mirsky, G., Nordmark, E., Pignataro, C., Kumar, N., Mirsky, G., Nordmark, E., Pignataro, C., Kumar, N.,
Aldrin, S., Zheng, L., Chen, M., Akiya, N., and J. Aldrin, S., Zheng, L., Chen, M., Akiya, N., and S.
Networks, "Operations, Administration and Maintenance Pallagatti, "Operations, Administration and Maintenance
(OAM) Requirements for Bit Index Explicit Replication (OAM) Requirements for Bit Index Explicit Replication
(BIER) Layer", draft-ietf-bier-oam-requirements-00 (work (BIER) Layer", draft-ietf-bier-oam-requirements-01 (work
in progress), September 2015. in progress), March 2016.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Nagendra Kumar Nagendra Kumar
Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Systems, Inc.
7200 Kit Creek Road 7200 Kit Creek Road
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
US US
Email: naikumar@cisco.com Email: naikumar@cisco.com
Carlos Pignataro Carlos Pignataro
Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Systems, Inc.
7200 Kit Creek Road 7200 Kit Creek Road
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-4987 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-4987
US US
Email: cpignata@cisco.com Email: cpignata@cisco.com
Deepak Kumar Deepak Kumar
Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Systems, Inc.
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