[TLS] Re: draft-ietf-tls-key-share-prediction next steps

["Kampanakis, Panos" <[e-mail]>]

Hi David,

Note I am not against draft-ietf-tls-key-share-prediction. It is definitely better to not send unnecessary bytes on the wire.

> Yup. Even adding one PQ key was a noticeable size cost (we still haven't shipped Kyber/ML-KEM to mobile Chrome because the performance regression was more prominent) so, yeah, we definitely do not want to send two PQ keys in the initial ClientHello.

I have seen this claim before and, respectfully, I don’t fully buy it. A mobile client that suffers with two packet CHs is probably already crawling for hundreds of KBs of web content per conn. Any numbers you have to showcase the regression and the relevant affected web metrics?


From: David Benjamin <[e-mail]>
Sent: Wednesday, September 11, 2024 8:02 PM
To: Ilari Liusvaara <[e-mail]>
Cc: <[e-mail]> <[e-mail]>
Subject: [EXTERNAL] [TLS] Re: draft-ietf-tls-key-share-prediction next steps


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On Wed, Sep 11, 2024 at 3:58 AM Ilari Liusvaara <[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>> wrote:
On Wed, Sep 11, 2024 at 10:13:55AM +0400, Loganaden Velvindron wrote:
> On Wed, 11 Sept 2024 at 01:40, David Benjamin <[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>> wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > Now that we're working through the Kyber to ML-KEM transition, TLS
> > 1.3's awkwardness around key share prediction is becoming starkly
> > visible. (It is difficult for clients to efficiently offer both
> > Kyber and ML-KEM, but a hard transition loses PQ coverage for some
> > clients. Kyber was a draft standard, just deployed by early
> > adopters, so while not ideal, I think the hard transition is not
> > the end of the world. ML-KEM is expected to be durable, so a
> > coverage-interrupting transition to FancyNewKEM would be a problem.)
> >
>
> Can you detail a little bit more in terms of numbers ?
> -Did you discover that handshakes are failing because of the larger
> ClientHello ?
> -Some web clients aren't auto-updating ?

The outright failures because of larger ClientHello are actually web
server issues. However, even ignoring any hard failures, larger
ClientHello can cause performance issues.

The most relevant of the issues is tldr.fail (https://tldr.fail/)
where web server ends up unable to deal with TCP-level fragmentation
of ClientHello. Even one PQ key (1216 bytes) fills vast manjority of
TCP fragment (and other stuff in ClientHello can easily push it over,
as upper limit is around 1430-1460 bytes). There is no way to fit two
PQ keys.

Then some web servers have ClientHello buffer limits. However, these
limits are almost invariably high enough that one could fit two PQ
keys. IIRC, some research years back came to conclusion that the
maximum tolerable key size is about 3.3kB, which is almost enough for
three PQ keys.

Then there are a lot of web servers that are unable to deal with TLS-
level fragmentation of ClientHello. However, this is not really
relevant, given that the limit is 16kB, which is easily enough for
10 PQ keys and more than enough to definitely cause performance issues
with TCP.

Yup. Even adding one PQ key was a noticeable size cost (we still haven't shipped Kyber/ML-KEM to mobile Chrome because the performance regression was more prominent) so, yeah, we definitely do not want to send two PQ keys in the initial ClientHello. Sending them in supported_groups is cheap, but as those options take a RTT hit, they're not really practical. Hence all the key-share-prediction work. (For some more background, so the earlier WG discussions around this draft, before it was adopted.)

And it is possible for web server to offer both, so even with hard
client transition both old and new clients get PQ coverage.

Yup, although that transition strategy requires that every PQ server move before any client moves, if your goal is to never interrupt coverage. That's not really a viable transition strategy in the long run, once PQ becomes widely deployed.

David