Re: draft-mnapierala-mvpn-part-reqt-02

[Rahul Aggarwal <[e-mail]>]

WG,

Few high-level comments on draft-mnapierala-mvpn-part-reqt-02.txt:

 (1) some of the requirements stated in this document are already
   covered in rfc4834 (L3VPN Mcast Requirements)
 (2) some of the material on the document describes a solution, not
   a requirement
 (3) some of the requirements stated in this document contradict
   the requirements stated in rfc4834
 (4) some of the requirements stated in this document are new,
   and not covered in rfc4834.

We should not be accepting new requirements, nor should we change
the requirements already accepted by the WG (rfc4834) until we finish
working on the solution(s) that meet the requirements already
accepted by the WG.

Based on the above I object accepting this draft as an L3VPN WG document.



P.S. Below are few detailed comments in-line...
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>
>
>    Network Working Group
>    Internet Draft                                       Maria Napierala
>    Document: draft-mnapierala-mvpn-part-reqt-02.txt                AT&T
>    Expires: December 24 2008                               June 24 2008
>
>
>             Requirement for Multicast MPLS/BGP VPN Partitioning
>
>
> Status of this Memo
>
>    By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
>    applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
>    have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
>    aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
>
>
>    Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
>    Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
>    other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
>    Drafts.
>
>    Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
>    and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
>    time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
>    material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
>
>    The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
>         http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt
>    The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
>         http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
>
>
> Abstract
>
>    This document describes a requirement for Multicast IP VPN solutions
>    to allow the same multicast stream to flow simultaneously on
>    multiple inter-PE paths without duplicates being sent to receivers.
>    It is intended that existing and new solutions to MPLS/BGP Multicast
>    IP VPN's will support this requirement.
>
>
> Conventions used in this document
>
>    The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
>    "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
>    document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [i].
>
>
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>
>
>
>
>
>
> Table of Contents
>
>    1.   Introduction................................................2
>    2.   Terminology.................................................3
>    3.   General Requirements........................................3
>    4.   Multicast VPN Partitioning..................................4
>       4.1  Support of Anycast C-RP..................................5
>       4.2  Support of Redundant P-Tunnels...........................6
>    5.   Preserving Customer Multicast Traffic Patterns..............7
>       5.1  Support of Source-Specific Host Reports in PIM-SM........8
>    6.   Support of PIM-Bidir in MVPN................................8
>       6.1  Preventing Packet Loops..................................8
>       6.2  Support of Source-Only Branches..........................9
>    7.   IANA Considerations.........................................9
>    8.   Security Considerations....................................10
>    9.   References.................................................10
>    10.  Acknowledgments............................................10
>    11.  Author's Addresses.........................................10
>    12.  Intellectual Property Statement............................11
>    13.  Copyright Notice...........................................11
>
>
> 1. Introduction
>
>    Multicast VPN (cf.[ii]) extends MPLS/BGP VPN services (cf.[iii]) by
>    enabling customers to run native IP multicast within their IP VPN's.
>    Multicast VPN's enabled customers to use applications that were
>    expensive or difficult, if not impossible, to operate in wide-area
>    network before (e.g., voice/video conferencing, stock quotes, large
>    file distribution). From VPN customer perspective there is no change
>    in the multicast operational model. Multicast distribution trees are
>    built in service provider network to carry VPN multicast traffic.
>    Those trees are essentially point-to-multipoint (P2MP) and
>    multipoint-to-multipoint (MP2MP) tunnels that encapsulate IP VPN
>    multicast packets for transport across provider's network. Throughout
>    this document whenever we refer to a VPN we mean MPLS/BGP IP VPN and
>    whenever we refer to an MVPN we mean MPLS/BGP Multicast IP VPN.
>
>    The generic requirements for IP multicast services within IP VPN's
>    are specified in [iv]. This document defines additional multicast VPN
>    requirements beyond those in [iv]. More precisely, it specifies the
>    need of VPN customers to have multiple parallel paths to a
>    Rendezvous Point or a multicast source across a service provider
>
>
>
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>
>    network. The document formulates the generic aspects of this
>    requirement and states its specific issues that should be addressed
>    by MVPN solution.
>
>    It is expected that solutions that specify procedures and protocol
>    extensions for multicast in IP VPN's should satisfy this requirement.
>
>
> 2. Terminology
>
>    In this document when we use the "C-" prefix when we refer to the VPN
>    customer multicast addresses and multicast trees. We will prefix VPN
>    customer multicast trees, sources, groups, Rendezvous Points (RP),
>    and PIM routes with "C-", as in: C-tree, C-S, C-G, C-RP, (C-*, C-G),
>    (C-S, C-G). When we use the "P-" prefix when we refer to provider's
>    multicast addresses and multicast trees/tunnels. We assume
>    familiarity with PIM protocol [v][vi][vii].
>
>
> 3. General Requirements
>
>    The MVPN solution MUST allow the same multicast traffic to flow
>    simultaneously on multiple trees across provider's network without
>    duplicate packets sent to customer receivers. The solution has to
>    allow for different downstream PE's to choose different upstream
>    PE's to customer RP or customer source. As a result, customer
>    multicast stream would be able to flow along multiple inter-PE trees
>    and simultaneously utilize multiple paths in redundant topology.
>
>    The lack of support of parallel paths for multicast traffic would
>    prevent different multicast VRF's of the same VPN to have different
>    routing policies and choose different paths to reach C-RP or the C-
>    source. As a result it would break any kind of "anycast" sourcing of
>    a multicast stream in IP VPN, including Anycast RP operation by not
>    allowing multiple RP's to send traffic in parallel to their closest
>    receivers.
>
>    The solution MUST NOT result in creating duplicates to customer
>    receivers, except during routing transients. The amount of duplicates
>    during routing convergence should be minimized and should be
>    compatible to that of standard PIM operation. When preventing
>    duplicates to receivers, the solution MUST NOT waste provider's
>    network resources by discarding, at network egress, already
>    transmitted duplicate traffic. Only a single copy of any C-multicast
>    stream should reach any egress mVRF in a converged network. This
>    includes PIM-SM C-streams that are either flowing on C-shared tree
>    or C-shortest-path tree. An egress PE should receive a PIM-SM C-
>
>
>
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>    stream either from the C-RP or directly from the C-source but never
>    from both.
>    There are two exceptions to the requirement of not wasting
>    provider's network bandwidth and discarding duplicates at network
>    egress. One exception is when providing fast convergence for certain
>    multicast VPN traffic on failures in access or in provider's
>    network. This requirement is described in section 4.2.

What is described in 4.2 is a solution, not a requirement. The above
exception assumes a particular solution (the solution described in 4.2).
Which means that this requirement presuppose a particular solution.

>                                                           The other
>    exception is in case of aggregation of different C-streams on to the
>    same multicast distribution tree (i.e., P-tunnel) in provider's
>    network.

The "other exception" is already covered in 5.2.3.2 of rfc4834.

>    These two exceptions should be implemented by MVPN solution
>    as optional behavior, based on provider's discretion.

Implementation by MVPN solution of the second "exception" as "optional
behavior" contradicts requirement of rfc4834 that states that
"proposed solutions SHOULD offer the possibility of sharing such
resources between different multicast streams (between different
VPNs, between different multicast streams of the same or of different
VPNs).  This means, for instance, if MDTunnels are trees, being
able to share an MDTunnel between several customers."

>    In addition, these two exceptions apply only to traffic from anycast
>    sources/RP's but not to PIM-SM C-streams flowing on C-shared tree vs.
>    C-shortest-path tree. In other words, a PIM-SM C-stream should never
>    be delivered to an egress PE from both, the C-RP and directly from
>    the C-source.
>
>    These requirements SHOULD be supported for all tunnel technologies
>    and SHOULD work with all protocols used for multicast signaling among
>    PE's. However, it is desirable that the solution is "generic" i.e.,
>    it is independent of multicast tunnel technology used by the service
>    provider. Independence from tunneling technology will allow
>    different transport methods to be used for different multicast
>    applications without overloading the transport technology itself.

What is stated in the above paragraph is already covered in section
5.2.4.1 of rfc4834.

>    This, in turn, will simplify provider's network maintenance
>    operations.
>
>    Moreover, the solution MUST NOT impose any restrictions on
>    customer's multicast routing or requirements on multicast service
>    offering. For example, it cannot require a customer to outsource its
>    RP functionality to the service provider or a service provider to
>    participate in customer's RP protocol by running MSDP with the
>    customer.

This is covered in 5.1.10.1 of rfc4834 where it states that outsourcing
RP is "may".

>    These requirements SHOULD be supported for the following PIM modes
>    in customer domain: PIM-SM [v], PIM-SSM [vii], and PIM-Bidir [vi].

Most of the last sentence is already covered in 5.1.2 of rfc4834:
"the support of PIM-SM (which includes the SSM model) and either
IGMPv3 (for IPv4 solutions) and/or Multicast Listener Discovery
Version 2 (MLDv2) [RFC3810] (for IPv6 solutions) is REQUIRED.
Bidir-PIM support at the PE-CE interface is RECOMMENDED.  And
considering deployments, PIM-DM is considered OPTIONAL."

One part of the last sentence, making support for PIM-Bidir "SHOULD",
is a change to rfc4834 (which states that support for PIM-Bidir
is "RECOMMENDED".

>    The MVPN procedures SHOULD support all Rendezvous Point solutions
>    currently used by VPN customers.

This is already covered in 5.1.10.2 of rfc4834 "different mechanisms
exist, such as BSR [PIM-BSR] or anycast-RP (Multicast Source Discovery
Protocol (MSDP)- based [RFC3446] or PIM-based [RFC4610]). These
protocols and procedures SHOULD work transparently through a multicast
VPN".

> 4. Multicast VPN Partitioning
>
>    Service providers might allow VPN sites to have specific routing
>    intelligence, giving the customers more granular control of their
>    routing in the VPN.  Site specific routing intelligence may include,
>    for example, route preference or denial of routes. A VPN customer may
>    partition its sites into groups that share the same routing policy.
>    How these routing policies are defined and how the customers control
>
>
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>    their routing may differ among service providers and it is outside
>    the scope of this document.
>
>    An example where customers need more granular control of their
>    routing is in the selection of the Internet Gateway. Customers might
>    access the Internet from their branch sites utilizing a default route
>    or a summary route originating from their Internet Gateway site.  A
>    VPN might have multiple Internet Gateways. A customer may want to
>    control which sites can access each of the gateways based on delay,
>    application, security policy, etc.
>
>    More generally, enterprises and firms often want to segment their
>    VPN's by data center or hub locations in order to meet specific
>    performance, security, functionality, or application access
>    requirements.
>
>    Such partitioning of VPN's has been possible for unicast
>    transmission. It is a customer expectation that multicast traffic in
>    a VPN can be subject to similar partitioning by multicast source or
>    Rendezvous Point location. The partitioning of multicast VPN by
>    multicast source or Rendezvous Point location is based on "anycast
>    souring". "Anycast" allows a group of destinations to be identified
>    with the same address so that data packets destined for that address
>    can be delivered to any member of the group. Anycast routing is
>    implemented via announcements of the same address prefix from
>    multiple origins. IP VPN customers often inject into VPN the same
>    route(s) at different VPN sites. These could be default or summary
>    routes, or specific routes. If these routes are routes to C-RP's or
>    C-sources, they are examples of "anycast sourcing" of multicast
>    traffic in MVPN. Anycast sourcing includes multi-homed sites with C-
>    sources or C-RP(A)'s, as well as Anycast C-RP's.
>
>    Lack of support for MVPN partitioning can deteriorate application's
>    performance, introduce latencies and variable delays that impact
>    users and applications. Typically, large enterprises have multiple
>    data centers and would like multicast applications to be
>    simultaneously sourced from each data center to serve different sets
>    of branch locations. For example, real-time market data distribution
>    requires timely and simultaneous delivery to users. The differences
>    in propagation delay might introduce unacceptable timing differences
>    in the availability of data to users, and hence, unfairness in
>    business competition. Locating sources close to receivers and
>    partitioning of receivers by the source location is necessary in such
>    business critical real-time data feeds.
>
>
>  4.1 Support of Anycast C-RP
>
>
>
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>    In Anycast RP, two or more RP's are configured with the same IP
>    address on loopback interfaces. IP routing automatically selects the
>    topologically closest RP for each source and receiver. Anycast RP
>    provides RP redundancy, fast RP failover, and load sharing of
>    registering sources. Anycast RP's are often used in large enterprise
>    networks.
>
>    Typically, large enterprises have multiple data centers where Anycast
>    RP's and sources of multicast traffic are located. Such customers
>    might require multicast applications to be simultaneously sourced
>    from each data center and delivered via corresponding Anycast RP's to
>    different sets of branch locations. The expected anycast addressing
>    behavior is that different PE's could choose different upstream PE's
>    as the next-hops to the customer RP or source.
>
>    The MVPN solution SHOULD support Anycast C-RP in the following two
>    ways: based on provider's network IGP/routing cost or based on VPN
>    customer routing. IGP cost-based next-hop selection provides PIM-like
>    support of Anycast C-RP's, i.e., C-receivers join the closest Anycast
>    C-RP across provider's network. The other option is to leave it up to
>    the VPN routing policy to partition receivers by Anycast RP location.
>    This allows multicast VPN customer to define its own Anycast C-RP
>    selection, based on other criterion than the closest distance.
>
>
>  4.2 Support of Redundant P-Tunnels

The title of this section, "Redundant P-Tunnels", presuppose a
solution, not a requirement. Moreover rfc4834 already covers the
issue of protection in 5.1.3: "The level of availability for the
multicast service SHOULD be on par with what exists for unicast
traffic.  For instance, comparable traffic protection mechanisms
SHOULD be available for customer multicast traffic when it is carried
over the service provider's network."

>    Certain multicast applications are not tolerant to packet loss.
>

The rest of this section describes a solution, not a requirement.

>    To
>    minimize multicast traffic disruption during network or access
>    failures, the solution should provide a capability to pre-build
>    redundant P-tunnels in case of multi-homed C-RP's or C-sources. In
>    addition to "primary" tunnel, a "secondary" or redundant P-tunnel
>    could be triggered for C-Group or C-Source traffic. For example, the
>    primary P-tunnel could be based on mVRF's best route to C-RP or C-
>    source, while the secondary P-tunnel could be based on the next best
>    route (or another equal cost path) to C-RP or C-source. The redundant
>    P-tunnel should function in a "warm-standby" or a "hot-standby" mode.
>    In a "warm-standby" mode the redundant P-tunnel should be triggered
>    but the traffic should not be forwarded to it from the ingress PE,
>    the root of the tunnel. In a "hot-standby" mode the traffic should be
>    carried on both primary and standby tunnels and allow duplicates to
>    be received at egress PE's. The egress PE's should accept the traffic
>    only from either the primary tunnel or from the secondary tunnel.
>
>    Redundant tunnel capability should be implemented as a per-tunnel
>    configuration option to service provider.
>
>
>
>
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> 5. Preserving Customer Multicast Traffic Patterns
>
>    PIM-SM has the capability for last-hop routers to switch to the
>    shortest-path tree if the traffic rate is above a configured SPT-
>    threshold. By switching to SPT, the optimal path is used to deliver
>    the multicast traffic. Depending on the location of the source in
>    relation to the RP, switching to the SPT can significantly reduce
>    network latency. However, in networks with large numbers of senders,
>    SPT's can increase the amount of multicast state that must be kept in
>    the routers. A VPN customer might set SPT-threshold to a value higher
>    than zero in order to switch to SPT's only for sources that cross
>    certain traffic rate. This is done in order to alleviate Rendezvous
>    Point from carrying too much traffic while at the same time
>    controlling the number of (S,G) states created in the network. In
>    fact, last-hop CE's might never switch traffic to SPT's for certain
>    multicast groups if SPT-threshold of "infinity" is specified for
>    those groups. The MVPN solution should not affect this PIM-SM
>    behavior in customer's network.
>
>    In native PIM-SM mode the same multicast traffic does not necessarily
>    flow over a single tree but it can simultaneously flow on both shared
>    and shortest path trees, without duplicates being sent to receivers.
>    The MVPN solution SHOULD allow egress PE's (i.e., PE's with
>    receivers) receive a specific PIM-SM C-stream either via the C-RP or
>    directly from the C-source. As it was stated in section 3, a PIM-SM
>    C-stream should never be delivered to an egress PE from both the C-RP
>    and directly from the C-source.
>
>    Moreover, the MVPN solution should not base multicast routing
>    decisions on provider's backbone internal infrastructure, like IP
>    addressing of PE routers. Rather the MVPN solution MUST preserve the
>    multicast routing policies as defined in customer's VPN. More
>    precisely, a multicast VRF with receivers of (C-*, C-G) or (C-S, C-G)
>    should receive multicast traffic from its best next-hop to C-RP or C-
>    S, respectively. The only two exceptions to this requirement are: (1)
>    the existence of multiple equal cost paths to customer source or
>    customer RP, which forces the provider's network to impose a tie-
>    breaker, and (2) the existence of a configuration knob that provides
>    an optional multicast behavior, based on provider's discretion (for
>    example, Anycast C-RP selection based on provider's network routing
>    cost).
>
>    In summary, the MVPN procedures should not alter customer's
>    multicast traffic patterns as defined by customer's PIM
>    infrastructure as well as by MVPN routing policies. More precisely,
>    MVPN solution MUST:
>    - preserve PIM-SM shared trees in customer network if CE's do not
>      switch traffic to SPT's or if they prune previously triggered (C-S,
>
>
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>
>      C-G) states; i.e. MVPN solution MUST:
>          + not trigger unexpected (C-S, C-G) states in customer's
>            network
>          + not retain pruned (C-S, C-G) states in customer's network;
>    - support multi-homed C-receiver sites where shared tree and
>      shortest path tree diverge;
>    - preserve multicast routing policies of customer's VPN.
>
>
>  5.1 Support of Source-Specific Host Reports in PIM-SM
>
>    PIM-SM [v] permits "a receiver to join a group and specify that it
>    only wants to receive traffic for a group if that traffic comes from
>    a particular source. If a receiver does this, and no other receiver
>    on the LAN requires all the traffic for the group, then the DR may
>    omit performing a (*,G) join to set up the shared tree, and instead
>    issue a source-specific (S,G) join only."
>
>    Such a behavior of PIM-SM means that any PE can receive Join (C-S, C-
>    G) for a sparse mode group even if no PE has ever received Join (C-*,
>    C-G) in an MVPN. It also means that (as in PIM-SSM) source trees
>    might be triggered even for sources that are not active. The MVPN
>    solution SHOULD support source-specific host requests but it SHOULD

Support for source-specific host requests via IGMPv3 is already
REQUIRED in rfc4834 (Section 5.1.2)

>    prevent useless S-PMSI creation for C-sources which are not active.
>
>
> 6. Support of PIM-Bidir in MVPN
>
>    Many enterprises use multicast applications that scale or even
>    operate correctly only with PIM-Bidir [vi]. For example, financial
>    firms use a business critical "always on" VoIP conferencing (so
>    called "hoot-n-holler") to share market updates and trading orders.
>    PIM-Bidir is already deployed in many of these networks and its
>    support in MVPN context is REQUIRED. This is a change from MVPN
>    generic requirements document [iv] where PIM-Bidir support on PE-CE
>    interfaces is only recommended.
>

This is a change to rfc4834.

>  6.1 Preventing Packet Loops
>
>    In PIM-Bidir, the packet forwarding rules have been improved over
>    PIM-SM, allowing traffic to be passed up the shared tree toward the
>    RP Address (RPA). To avoid multicast packet looping, PIM-Bidir uses a
>    mechanism called the designated forwarder (DF) election, which
>    establishes a loop-free tree rooted at the RPA. Use of this method
>    ensures that only one copy of every packet will be sent to an RPA,
>    even if there are parallel equal cost paths to the RPA. To avoid
>    loops the DF election process enforces consistent view of the DF on
>
>
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>
>
>    all routers on network segment, and during periods of ambiguity or
>    routing convergence the traffic forwarding is suspended.
>
>    The standard DF election procedure used in plain IP environments
>    would not yield the desired results in MVPN context. This is because
>    the DF election in MVPN would have to be based on the provider's
>    internal IP addressing of PE routers instead of on routing policy in
>    customer's VPN.
>
>    In MVPN context a Designated Forwarder for Bidir C-RPA is a PE
>    attached to C-RPA. Different mVRF's in a given MVPN might have
>    different best next-hop PE's to C-RPA due to different routing
>    policies or they might have temporarily different next-hop PE's to C-
>    RPA due to routing transients. The MVPN solution for C-Bidir MUST
>    prevent multicast packet looping during routing convergence. The MVPN
>    solution for C-Bidir SHOULD NOT rely on all mVRF's in a given MVPN to
>    either have common routing view to C-RPA or to reach a common routing
>    view to C-RPA in time to prevent packet looping. Rather, a VPN has to
>    be treated as a collection of sets of multicast VRF's, each having
>    the same but distinct from other sets reachability information
>    towards C-RPA. Hence, resolving C-Bidir packet loops in MVPN
>    inevitably results in the ability to partition a VPN into disjoined
>    sets of VRF's, each having a distinct view of converged network.
>
>    As an option, the MVPN implementation of C-Bidir SHOULD allow to
>    ignore specific multicast routing policy in mVRF, and instead make
>    all PE's in a given MVPN choose the same next-hop PE to C-RPA. Among
>    all candidate next-hop PE's, the single chosen upstream PE to C-RPA
>    could be the PE with the highest IP address. This approach to C-Bidir
>    might be desirable to customers that do not want a permanent
>    splitting of their MVPN's into disjoined C-Bidir trees.
>
>
>  6.2 Support of Source-Only Branches
>
>    PIM-Bidir supports source-only branches i.e., branches that do not
>    lead to any receivers but that are used to forward packets traversing
>    upstream from sources towards the RPA. In plain IP PIM-Bidir it is up
>    to the implementation whether to maintain group state for source-only
>    branches [vi]. The MVPN solutions MUST assure that PE's on source-
>    only branches of C-Bidir tree are able to send and receive inter-PE
>    MVPN traffic. In other words, PE's on source-only branches have to
>    be able to participate in P-tunnels triggered for C-Bidir trees.
>
>
> 7. IANA Considerations
>
>    None.
>
>
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>
>
>
>
> 8. Security Considerations
>
>    None.
>
>
> 9. References
>
>
>       [i] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3",
>       BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
>
>       [ii] E. Rosen, R. Aggarwal, "Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP VPNs",
>       draft-ietf-l3vpn-2547bis-mcast. Work in progress.
>
>       [iii] E. Rosen, E., Rekhter, Y., "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
>       Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, February 2006.
>
>       [iv] T. Morin, Ed., "Requirements for Multicast in Layer 3
>       Provider-Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPNs)", RFC
>       4834, April 2007.
>
>       [v] B. Fenner et al., "Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse
>       Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised)", RFC 4601,
>       August 2006.
>
>       [vi] M. Handley, I. Kouvelas, T. Speakman, L. Vicisano, "Bi-
>       directional Protocol Independent Multicast (Bidir-PIM)", RFC
>       5015, October 2007.
>
>       [vii] H. Holbrook, B. Cain, "Source-Specific Multicast for IP",
>       RFC 4607, August 2006.
>
>
>
>
> 10.Acknowledgments
>
>    The author would like to thank Eric Rosen, Yakov Rekhter, and Ron
>    Bonica for their comments.
>
> 11.Author's Addresses
>
>    Maria Napierala
>    AT&T Labs
>    200 Laurel Avenue, Middletown, NJ 07748
>
>
>
> Napierala              Expires - December 2008              [Page 10]
>             Requirement for Multicast MPLS/BGP VPN Partitioning
>
>
>
>    Email: [e-mail]
>
>
> 12.  Intellectual Property Statement
>
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>
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>
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>
>
> 13.  Copyright Notice
>
>    Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).
>
>    This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
>    contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
>    retain all their rights.
>
>    This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
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>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Napierala              Expires - December 2008              [Page 11]
>
>

rahul