Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback
"Anders Brandt" <abr@zen-sys.com> Fri, 25 April 2008 13:16 UTC
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From: Anders Brandt <abr@zen-sys.com>
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Subject: Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback
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Dear all Thanks for all the comments Having read through the comments, I see the same line as I observed during the Philly session: * MUST/SHOULD statements should be kept out of use cases * Requirements should be more precise + not too narrow where not needed * The need for Groupcast in particular should be described in more detail * "Constrained" is a very specific term in the IETF which we should use with care Concerning gateways - I am not sure what to think. Basically, the idea of going to IP in wireless sensors is to get transparent connectivity all these lovely devices. On the other hand, the case described of having different providers (power utilities, surveillance service, etc) or wanting to have redundant access to the PAN leads to solutions with multiple access paths. I suppose these boxes are basically routers in a full-IP environment? And the same problem applies to industrial? Finally, the issue raised about the smoke alarm having to not only activate an alarm but also turn on one or more groups of lights is very interesting. It must be so plain simple that I can trust my mother in law to set it up correctly - remember this is consumer space ;-) An the same type of problem applies to energy conservation / heating control. Interesting issues, but not so simple to specify and not simpler to implement. I would love to add more to the draft in this area. Please feel free to contribute. I have done a first shot on the way to an updated draft. All (significant) changes have been marked - starting with "[ABR ". Please find it below. Most of the comments posted during the last month should be addressed but please let me know what can be further improved. Giorgio, I look forward to see more details from you on the healthcare section! I added a bit already. Thanks, Anders ------------------------------------------------------------------- Networking Working Group A. Brandt Internet Draft Zensys, Inc. Intended status: Informational JP. Vasseur Expires: October 25, 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. April 25, 2008 Home Automation Routing Requirement in Low Power and Lossy Networks draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs-01 Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt <http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt> The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html <http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html> This Internet-Draft will expire on October 24, 2008. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). Abstract This document presents the home control and automation application specific requirements for ROuting in Low power and Lossy networks (ROLL). In a modern home, a high number of wireless devices are used for a wide set of purposes. Examples include lighting control modules, heating control panels, light sensors, temperature sensors, gas/water leak detector, motion detectors, video surveillance, Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 1] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 healthcare systems and advanced remote controls. Because such devices only cover a limited radio range, multi-hop routing is often required. Such devices are usually highly constrained in terms of resources such as battery and memory and operate in unstable environments. The aim of this document is to specify the routing requirements for networks comprising such constrained devices in a home network environment. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 Error! Reference source not found.. Table of Contents 1. Terminology....................................................3 2. Introduction...................................................3 3. Home automation applications...................................4 3.1. Turning off the house.....................................4 3.2. Moving a remote control around............................5 3.3. Adding a new lamp module to the system....................5 3.4. Controlling battery operated window shades................6 3.5. Networked smoke alarm.....................................6 3.6. Remote video surveillance.................................6 3.7. Healthcare................................................7 3.8. Alarm systems.............................................7 4. Unique requirements of home automation applications............7 4.1. Support of groupcast......................................8 4.2. Node constrained Routing..................................8 4.3. Support of Mobility.......................................9 4.4. Scalability..............................................10 4.5. Convergence Time.........................................10 4.6. Manageability............................................10 5. Traffic pattern...............................................11 6. Open issues...................................................11 7. Security Considerations.......................................12 8. IANA Considerations...........................................12 9. Acknowledgments...............................................12 10. References...................................................12 10.1. Normative References....................................12 10.2. Informative References..................................12 Author's Addresses...............................................12 Intellectual Property Statement..................................13 Disclaimer of Validity...........................................13 Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 2] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 1. Terminology ROLL: ROuting in Low-power and Lossy networks Access Point: The access point is an infrastructure device that connects the low power and lossy network system to the Internet, possibly via a customer premises local area network (LAN). LAN: Local Area Network. PAN: Personal Area Network. A geographically limited wireless network based on e.g. 802.15.4 or Z-Wave radio. Channel: RF frequency band used to transmit a modulated signal carrying packets. Downstream: Data direction traveling from a LAN to a PAN device. Upstream: Data direction traveling from a PAN to a LAN device. RF: Radio Frequency. Sensor: A PAN device that measures data and/or detects an event. HA: Home Automation. 2. Introduction This document presents the home control and automation application specific requirements for Routing in Low power and Lossy Networks (ROLL). In a modern home, a high number of wireless devices are used for a wide set of purposes. Examples include lighting control modules, heating control panels, light sensors, temperature sensors, gas/water leak detector, motion detectors, video surveillance, healthcare systems and advanced remote controls. Basic home control modules such as wall switches and plug-in modules may be turned into an advanced home automation solution via the use of an IP-enabled application responding to events generated by wall switches, motion sensors, light sensors, rain sensors, and so on. Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 3] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 Because such devices only cover a limited radio range, multi-hop routing is often required. These devices are usually highly constrained in term of resources such as battery and memory and operate in unstable environments. Persons moving around in a house, opening or closing a door or starting a microwave oven affect reception of weak radio signals. Reflection and absorption may cause a reliable connection to turn unreliable for a period of time and then being reusable again, thus the term "lossy". Unlike other categories of PANs, the connected home area is very much consumer-oriented. The implications on network nodes in this aspect, is that devices are very cost sensitive, which leads to resource- constrained environments having slow CPUs and small memory footprints. At the same time, nodes have to physically small which puts a limit to the physical size of the battery; and thus, the battery capacity. As a result, it is common for low-power sensor- style nodes to shut down radio and CPU resources for most of the time. Often, the radio uses almost just as much power for listening as for transmitting. Section X describes a few typical use cases for home automation applications. Section X discusses the routing requirements for networks comprising such constrained devices in a home network environment. These requirements may be overlapping requirements derived from other application-specific requirements documents or as listed in [I-D.culler-roll-routing-reqs]. 3. Home automation applications Home automation applications represent a special segment of networked wireless devices with its unique set of requirements. To facilitate the requirements discussion in Section 4, this section lists a few typical use cases of home automation applications. New applications are being developed at a high pace and this section does not mean to be exhaustive. Most home automation applications tend to be running some kind of command/response protocol. The command may come from several places. For instance a lamp may be turned on, not only be a wall switch but also from a movement sensor. 3.1. Turning off the house Using the direct analogy to an electronic car key, a house owner may activate the "leaving home" function from an electronic house key, mobile phone, etc. For the sake of visual impression, all lights should turn off at the same time. At least, it should appear to happen at the same time. A well-known problem in wireless home automation is the "popcorn effect": Lamps are turned on one at a Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 4] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 time, at a rate so slow that it is clearly visible. This phenomenon mostly applies to very low bandwidth RF systems. Some existing home automation solutions use a clever mix of a "subnet groupcast" message with no acknowledgement and no forwarding before sending acknowledged singlecast messages to each lighting device. [ABR REMOVED: Broadcast packets cannot be used for this since some lights should stay on.] The controller forms the groups and decides which nodes should receive "turn-off" or "turn-on" requests. [ABR REMOVED: Thus, traditional IP multicast cannot be used for such applications, since multicast relies on the receivers to subscribe to multicasted streams.] [ABR PROPOSED RE-WORDING: Thus, a solution is needed for addressing groups of nodes without prior management of group membership in the receiving nodes.] 3.2. Moving a remote control around A remote control is a typical example of a mobile device in a home automation network. An advanced remote control may be used for dimming the light in the dining room while eating and later on, turning up the music while doing the dishes in the kitchen. Reaction must appear to be instant (within a few hundred milliseconds) even when the remote control has moved to a new location. The remote control may be communicating to either a central home automation controller or directly to the lamps and the media center. [ABR REMOVED: The routing protocol MUST support multiple paths. The routing protocol MUST be able to locate a working path within 250ms, given that a working path exists and it has been used before.] 3.3. Adding a new lamp module to the system [ABR REMOVED: Small-size, low-cost modules may have no user interface except for a single button. Thus, an automated inclusion process is needed for light controllers to find new modules. The routing protocol MUST support re-discovery of neighbors when a new device is added to the network. The routing protocol MAY scan for neighbors on a frequent basis. This scanning process MUST NOT use significant network bandwidth resources.] [ABR PROPOSED RE-WORDING: Small-size, low-cost modules may have no user interface except for a single button. Thus, an automated Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 5] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 inclusion process is needed for controllers to find new modules. Inclusion covers the detection of neighbors and assignment of a unique node ID. Inclusion should be completed within a few seconds.] 3.4. Controlling battery operated window shades In consumer premises, window shades are often battery-powered as there is no access to mains power over the windows. For battery conservation purposes, the receiver is sleeping most of the time. A home automation controller sending commands to window shades via ROLL resources will have no problems delivering the packet to the router, but the router will have to wait for some time before the command can be delivered to the window shades; e.g. up to 250ms. 3.5. Networked smoke alarm Some smoke alarms are battery powered and at the same time mounted in a high place. Battery-powered safety devices should only be used for routing if no other alternatives exist. A smoke alarm with a drained battery does not provide a lot of safety. Also, it may be inconvenient to exchange battery in a smoke alarm. Finally, routing via battery-powered nodes may be very slow if they are sleeping most of the time. [ABR ADDED: All of the above-mentioned reasons suggest that routing should be avoided via this category of devices.] 3.6. Remote video surveillance Remote video surveillance is a fairly classic application for Home networking providing the ability for the end user to get a video stream from a Web Cam reached via the Internet, which can be triggered by the end-user that has received an alarm from a movement sensor or smoke detector - or the user simply wants to check the home status via video. Note that in the former case, more than likely, there will be a form of inter-device communication: indeed, upon detecting some movement in the home, the movement sensor may send a request to the light controller to turn-on the lights, to the Web Cam to start a video stream that would then be directed to the end user (cell phone, PDA) via the Internet. By contrast with other application where for example a large number of ROLL devices such as industrial sensors where the data would mainly be originated by sensor to a sink and vice versa, in such scenario there is a direct inter-device communication between ROLL devices. Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 6] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 3.7. Healthcare [ABR REMOVED: This section will be documented in further revision of this document.] 3.7.1. [ABR ADDED: At-home health monitoring] [ABR ADDED: By adding communication capability to devices, patients and elderly citizens may be able to do simple measurements at home. Thanks to the online devices, the doctor can keep an eye on the patient's health and receive warnings if a new trend is discovered by automated filters. Measurement applications might include: o Temperature o Weight o Blood pressure o Insulin level The abovementioned applications may be realized as wearable products which frequently do a measurement and automatically deliver the result to a data sink locally or over the Internet. Fine-grained daily measurements presented in proper ways may allow the doctor to establish a more precise diagnosis. From a ROLL perspective, all the above-mentioned applications may be expected to be battery-powered. They may also be portable and therefore need to locate a new neighbor router on a frequent basis. Not being powered most of the time, the devices should not be used as routing nodes. Delivery of measurement data has a limited requirement for route discovery time compared to a remote control.] 3.8. Alarm systems This section will be documented in further revision of this document. 3.9. [ABR ADDED: Battery-powered devices] [ABR ADDED: For convenience and low operational costs, power consumption of consumer products must be kept at a very low level to achieve a long battery lifetime. One implication of this fact is that Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 7] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 RAM memory is limited and it may even be powered down; leaving only a few 100 bytes alive during the sleep phase.] 4. Unique requirements of home automation applications Home automation applications have a number of specific requirements related to the set of home networking applications and the perceived operation of the system. 4.1. Support of groupcast [ABR REMOVED: The routing protocol MUST support multicast routing with various scopes: local subnet, all devices. In other words, ] The routing protocol must provide the ability to route a packet towards a single device (unicast), a set of devices (also referred to as "groupcast" in this document) or all devices (multicast) in the house. The support of unicast, groupcast and multicast also has an implication on the addressing scheme and are outside the scope of this document that focuses on the routing requirements aspects. [ABR REMOVED Note: with IP Multicast, signaling mechanisms are used by a receiver to join a group and the sender does not necessarily know the receivers of the group. What is required is the ability to address a group of receivers known by the sender even if the receivers do not need to know that they have been grouped by the sender (requesting each individual node to join a multicast group would be very impractical).] [ABR PROPOSED REWORDING: It MUST be to possible to address a group of receivers known by the sender even if the receivers do not know that they have been grouped by the sender. Alternatively, a companion specification SHOULD define how to indirectly address a group of nodes on the application layer via classic broadcast in the network layer; e.g. by use of a bitmap in a header extension.] 4.2. Metric-based Routing [ABR NOTE: IETF-71 WG meeting indicated that the term "constrained" has a very specific meaning in the routing community inside IETF. I think a specific definition of "Constrained" in the IETF sense should be added to the terminology section in the beginning of the document. Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 8] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 What I understood was that the draft should be using the term "metric-based routing"] Simple battery-powered nodes such as movement sensors on garage doors and rain meters may not be able to assist in routing. Depending on the node type, the node never listens at all, listens rarely or makes contact on demand to a pre-configured target node. Attempting to communicate to such nodes may require long time before getting a response. [ABR REMOVED: Other battery-powered node may have the capability to participate to the routing protocol but it may be preferable to choose a (potentially longer) route via non battery powered devices or via battery powered that have more energy.] [ABR ADDED: Other battery-powered nodes may have the capability to participate in routing. The routing protocol should either share the load between nodes to preserve battery or only route via mains- powered nodes if possible.] [ABR REMOVED: The routing protocol MUST support constraint based routing taking into account node properties (CPU, memory, level of energy, sleep intervals, safety/convenience of changing battery).] [ABR ADDED: The routing protocol MUST support metric-based routing taking into account node properties (CPU, memory, level of energy, sleep intervals, safety/convenience of changing battery).] 4.3. Support of Mobility In a home environment, although the majority of devices are fixed devices, there is still a variety of mobile devices: for example a multi-purpose remote control is likely to move. Another example of mobile devices is wearable healthcare devices. [ABR ADDED: While healthcare devices delivering measurement results can tolerate route discovery times measured in seconds, a remote control appears unresponsive if using more than 0.5 seconds to e.g. pause the music. While, in theory, all battery-powered devices and mains-powered plug- in modules may be moved, the predominant case is that the sending node has moved while the rest of the network has not changed.] [ABR REMOVED: The routing protocol MUST provide mobility with convergence time within a few hundred milli-seconds.] Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 9] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 [ABR ADDED: The routing protocol MUST provide mobility with convergence time below 0.5 second.] [ABR ADDED: The routing protocol SHOULD make use of the fact that if not being able to deliver a packet, it is most likely that the sending node moved; rather than the rest of the network.] 4.4. Scalability Looking at the number of wall switches, power outlets, sensor of various nature, video equipment and so on in a modern house, it seems quite realistic that hundreds of low power devices may form a home automation network in a fully populated "smart" home. Moving towards professional building automation, the number of such devices may be in the order of several thousands. Thus the routing protocol MUST be highly scalable supporting a large number of devices (at least a few hundreds of devices). 4.5. Convergence Time A home automation PAN is subject to various instability due to signal strength variation, moving persons and the like. Furthermore, as the number of devices increases, the probability of node failures also increases. [ABR ADDED: Measured from the transmission of a packet, the following convergence time requirements apply.] [ABR REMOVED: In all cases, response time of the order of a few hundreds of milliseconds are required, implying that the routing protocol MUST converge (provide alternate routes upon link or node failure) within a few hundreds of milliseconds.] [ABR ADDED: The routing protocol MUST converge within 0.5 second if no nodes have moved.] [ABR ADDED: The routing protocol MUST converge within 2 seconds if the destination node of the packet has moved.] 4.6. Manageability The ability of the home network to support auto-configuration is of the utmost importance. Indeed, most end users will not have the expertise and the skills to perform advanced configuration and troubleshooting. Thus the routing protocol designed for home PAN MUST Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 10] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 provide a set of features including 0 configuration of the routing protocol for a new node to be added to the network. Furthermore, a failing node MUST NOT have a global impact on the routing protocol. The routing protocol SHOULD support the ability to isolate a misbehaving node thus preserving the correct operation of overall network. 5. Traffic pattern Depending on the philosophy of the home network, wall switches may be configured to directly control individual lamps or alternatively, all wall switches send control commands to a central lighting control computer which again sends out control commands to relevant devices. In a distributed system, the traffic tends to be any-to-many. In a centralized system, it is a mix of any-to-one and one-to-many. [ABR REMOVED: A centralized system may benefit from a tree topology routing strategy; having the central light controller close to the root. A tree topology may prove inefficient for nodes in a distributed system. A direct path from sender to receiver may be significantly shorter than a path following the tree. A shorter path means lower latency and less air-time use in a wireless media. Thus, routers MUST provide efficient any-to-many routing and MUST also support any-to- any routing without having to transit via a central point (e.g. tree root) which would unavoidably lead to sub-optimal path in terms of latency and energy consumption.] 6. Open issues Other items to be addressed in further revisions of this document include: o Healthcare o Alarm systems o Load Balancing (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical) o Security Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 11] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 7. Security Considerations TBD 8. IANA Considerations This document includes no request to IANA. 9. Acknowledgments This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot. 10. References 10.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 10.2. Informative References [I-D.culler-roll-routing-reqs] Vasseur, J. and D. Culler, "Routing Requirements for Low Power And Lossy Networks", draft-culler-roll-routing-reqs-* (work in progress). Author's Addresses Anders Brandt Zensys, Inc. Emdrupvej 26 Copenhagen, DK-2100 Denmark Email: abr@zen-sys.com <mailto:abr@zen-sys.com> JP Vasseur Cisco Systems, Inc. 1414 Massachusetts Avenue Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Email: jvasseur@cisco.com <mailto:jvasseur@cisco.com> Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 12] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr <http://www.ietf.org/ipr> . The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org <mailto:ietf-ipr@ietf.org> . Disclaimer of Validity This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. Acknowledgment Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 13] Internet-Draft draft-brandt-roll-home-routing-reqs April 2008 Brandt Expires October 25, 2008 [Page 14]
_______________________________________________ Roll mailing list Roll@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/roll
- [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Jonathan Hui
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Eunsook "Eunah" Kim
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Anders Brandt
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Jonathan Hui
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Mikko Saarnivala
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Gopinath Rao Sinniah
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Vincent Rossi
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Pieter De Mil
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Porcu Giorgio
- Re: [Roll] Home Requirements Feedback Anders Brandt