suggestion additions to cl-framework
Curtis Villamizar <curtis@occnc.com> Tue, 12 July 2011 18:12 UTC
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Subject: suggestion additions to cl-framework
From: Curtis Villamizar <curtis@occnc.com>
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The CL-framework document is draft-so-yong-rtgwg-cl-framework-04 . The remainder of this email is suggested additions to the CL framework. It looks a lot like an internet-draft, but it isn't. It was easier to validate the xml2rfc by making this self contained. There has been a discussion of this among the co-author of draft-so-yong-rtgwg-cl-framework-04 with Ning and Lucy agreeing to merge this with the existing work (three if you count me) and the rest (three) not weighing in yet. Lucy has provided general comments and wants to read through the proposed additions again and provide further more detailed comments. The discussion at the upcoming IETF meeting should still focus on draft-so-yong-rtgwg-cl-framework-04 first and foremost. This email is just to let the WG to get a general idea of what we are planning to merge in. I'm entirely OK if the WG or WG chairs decides that it is premature to discuss these additions at all at the meeting. Any merge would have to occur after the IETF meeting, though a merged draft is likely to have been exchanged among the co-authors prior to the meeting. The screwup on this is entirely my fault for taking way too long to get around to writing this. Curtis RTGWG C. Villamizar, Ed. Internet-Draft Infinera Corporation Intended status: Informational July 10, 2011 Expires: January 11, 2012 Composite Link Framework Additions draft-villamizar-cl-framework-additions-XX Abstract This document provides some suggested additions to the existing Composite Link Framework document. This is not a real internet-draft in that it is not submitted as it missed the deadline for IETF-81 (though it looks convincing enough). It exists for discussion purposes only. It is hoped that ideas herein will be incorporated into the Composite Link Framework internet-draft after IETF-81. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on January 11, 2012. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 1] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Architecture Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Architecture Tradeoffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Scalability Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Reducing Routing Information and Exchange . . . . . . . . 4 2.3. Reducing Signaling Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.4. Reducing Forwarding State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.5. Avoiding Route Oscillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. New Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1. Control Plane Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.1. Delay and Jitter Sensitive Routing . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.2. Local Control of Traffic Distribution . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.3. Path Symetry Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.4. Requirements for Contained LSP . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1.5. Retaining Backwards Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2. Data Plane Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.1. Very Large LSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2. Very Large Microflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.2.3. Traffic Ordering Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4. Existing Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.1. Link Bundling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5. Mechanisms Proposed in Other Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.1. Loss and Delay Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.2. Link Bundle Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.3. Fat PW and Entorpy Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.4. Multipath Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6. Required Protocol Extensions and Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . 14 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 2] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 1. Introduction This document provides additional detail intended to be merged with the composite link framework document. The focus is on existing protocol mechanisms and extensions that will be required to accommodate functionality that is called for in the composite links requirements document but unsupported or inadequately supported by existing protocols [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement]. 1.1. Architecture Summary Networks aggregate information, both in the control plane and in the data plane, as a means to acheive scalability. A tradeoff exists between the needs of scalability and the needs to identify differing path and link characteristics and differeing requirements among flows contained within further aggregated traffic flows. These tradeoffs are discussed in detail in Section 2. Some aspects of Composite Link requirements present challenges for which multiple solutions may exist. In Section 3 various challenges and potential approaches are discussed. A subset of the functionality called for in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement] is available through MPLS Link Bundling [RFC4201]. Link bundling and other existing standards applicable to Composite Link are covered in Section 4. The most straightforward means of supporting Composite Link requirements is to extend MPLS and in particular to extend link bundling. Extensions which have already been proposed in other documents which are applicable to Composite Link are discussed in Section 5. Goals of most new protocol work within IETF is to reuse existing protocol encapsulations and mechanisms where they meet requirements and extend existing mechanisms such that additional complexity is minimized while meeting requirements and such that backwards compatibility is preserved to the extent it is practical to do so. These goals are considered in proposing a framework for further protocol extensions and mechanisms in Section 6. 1.2. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 3] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 1.3. Definitions [ ... to be completed ... ] 2. Architecture Tradeoffs Scalability and stability are critical considerations in protocol design where protocols may be used in large network. Composite Link is applicable to large networks, and therefore scalability must be a major consideration. Some of the requirements of Composite Link require additional information to be carried in situations where component links differ in some significant way. 2.1. Scalability Motivations In the interest of scalability information is aggregated in situations where information about a large amount of network capacity or a large amount of network demand provides is adequate to meet requirements. Routing information is aggregated to reduce the amount of information exchange related to routing and to simplify route computation. Reducing the amount of information allows the exchange of information during a large routing change to be accomplished more quickly, and simplifying route computation improves convergence time after very significant network faults which cannot be handled by preprovisioned or precomputed protection mechanisms. Neglecting scaling issues can result in performance issues, such as slow convergence. Neglecting scaling in some cases can result in netowrks which perform so poorly as to become unstable. 2.2. Reducing Routing Information and Exchange Link bundling at the very least provides a means of aggregating control plane information. Even where the all-ones component link supported by link bundling is not used, the amount of control information is reduced by the average number of component links in a bundle. Fully deaggregating link bundle information would negate this benefit. If there is a need to deagregate, such as to distinguish between groups of links within specified ranges of delay, then no more deaggregation than is necessary should be done. For example, in supporting the requirement for heterogeneious component links, it makes little sense to fully deagregate link bundles when adding support for groups of component links with common attributes within a link bundle can maintain most of the benefit of Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 4] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 aggregation while adequately supporting the requirement to support heterogeneious component links. Routing information exchange is also reduced by making sensible choices regarding the amount of change to link parameters that require link readvertisement. For example, if delay measurements include queuing delay, then a much more course granularity of delay measurement would be called for than if the delay does not include queuing and is dominated by geographic delay (speed of light delay). 2.3. Reducing Signaling Load Aggregating traffic into very large hierarchical LSP in the core very substantially reduces the number of LSP that need to be signaled and the number of path computations any given LSR will be required to perform when a major network fault occurs. In the extreme, applying MPLS to a very large network without hierarchy could exceed the 20 bit label space. For example, in a network with 4,000 nodes, with 2,000 on either side of a cutset, would have 4,000,000 LSP crossing the cutset. Even in a degree four cutset, an uneven distribution of LSP across the cutset, or the loss of one link would result in a need to exceed the size of the label space. Among provider networks, 4,000 access nodes is not at all large. In less extreme cases, having each node terminate hundreds of LSP to acheive a full mesh creates a very large computational load. The time complexity of one CSPF computation is order(N log N), where L is proportional to N, and N and L are the number of nodes and number of links, respectively. If each node must perform order(N) computations when a fault occurs, then the computational load increases as order(N^2 log N) as the number of nodes increases. In practice at the time of writing, this imposes a limit of a few hundred nodes in a full mesh of MPLS LSP before the computational load is sufficient to result in unacceptable convergence times. When the number of nodes grows too large, the solution is to use the MPLS PSC hierarchy [RFC4206]. A core within the hierarchy can divide the topology into M regions of on average N/M nodes. Within a region the computational load is reduced by more than M^2. Within the core, the computational load generally becomes quite small since M is usually a fairly small number (a few tens of regions) and each region is generally attached to the core in typically only two or three places on average. Using hierarchy improves scaling but has two consequences. First, hierarchy effectively forces the use of platform label space. When a Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 5] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 containing LSP is rerouted, the labels assigned to the contained LSP cannot be changed but may arrive on a different interface. Second, hierarchy results in much larger LSP. These LSP today are larger than any single component link and therefore force the use of the all-ones component in link bundles. 2.4. Reducing Forwarding State MPLS hierarchy has the benefit of reducing the amount of forwarding state. Using the example from the previous section, the worst case generally occurs at borders with the core. For example, consider a network with approximately 1,000 nodes divided into 10 regions. At the edges, each node requires 1,000 LSP to other edge nodes. The edge nodes also require 100 intra-region LSP. Within the core, if the core has only 3 attachments to each region the core LSR have less than 100 intra-core LSP. At the border cutset between the core and a given region, in this example there are 100 edge nodes with inter-region LSP crossing that cutset, destined to 900 other edge nodes. That yields forwarding state for on the order of 90,000 LSP at the border cutset. These same routers need only reroute well under 200 LSP when a multiple fault occurs, as long as only links are affected and a border LSR does not go down. In the core, the forwarding state is greatly reduced. If inter- region LSP have different characteristics, it makes sense to make use of aggregates with different characteristics. Rather than exchange information about every inter-region LSP within the intra-core LSP it makes more sense to use multiple intra-core LSP between pairs of core nodes, each aggregating sets of inter-region LSP with common characteristics or common requirements. 2.5. Avoiding Route Oscillation Networks can become unstable when a feedback loop exists such that moving traffic to a link causes a metric such as delay to increase, which then causes traffic to move elsewhere. For example, the original ARPAnet routing used a delay based cost metric and proved prone to route oscillations [DBP]. Delay may be used as a constraint in routing for high priority traffic, where the movement of traffic cannot impact the delay. The safest way to measure delay is to make measurements based on traffic which is prioritized such that it is queued ahead of the traffic which will be affected. This is a reasonable measure of delay for high priority traffic for which constraints have been set which allow this type of traffic to consume only a fraction of link capacities with the remaining capacity available to lower priority traffic. Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 6] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 Any measurement of jitter (delay variation) that is used in route decision is likely to cause oscillation. Jitter that is caused by queuing effects and cannot be measured using a very high priority measurement traffic flow. It may be possible to find links with contrained queuing delay or jitter using a theoretical maximum or a probability based bound on queuing delay or jitter at a given priority based on the types and amounts of traffic accepted and combining that theoretical limit with a measured delay at very high priority. 3. New Challenges New technical challenges are posed by [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement] in both the control plane and data plane. Among the more difficult challenges are maintaining new requirements such as the requirements related delay or jitter for contained LSP. Backwards compatibility poses numerous challenges. Advertising groups of component links with similar characteristics is in itself not difficult, but doing so in a highly backwards compatible manner poses problems. The combination of ingress control over LSP placement and retaining an ability to move traffic as demands dictate can pose challenges and such requirements can even be conflicting. 3.1. Control Plane Challenges Some of the control plane requirements are particularly challenging when considering handling flows with aggregated flows and the requirements to minimize impact on scalability. Potentially conflicting are requirements for jitter and requirements for stability. Potentially conflicting are the requirements for ingress control of a large number of parameters, and the requirements for local control needed to achieve traffic balance across a composite link. These challenges and potential solutions are discussed in the following sections. 3.1.1. Delay and Jitter Sensitive Routing Delay and jitter sensitive routing are called for in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement] in requirements FR#2, FR#7, FR#8, FR#9, FR#15, FR#16, FR#17, FR#18. Requirement FR#17 is particularly probelmatic, calling for constraints on jitter. Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 7] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 A tradeoff exists between scaling benefits of aggergating information, and potential benefits of using a finer granularity in delay reporting. To maintain the scaling benefit, measured link delay for any given composite link SHOULD be aggregated into a small number of delay ranges. IGP-TE extensions MUST be provided which advertise the available capacities for each of the selected ranges. For path selection of delay sensitive LSP, the ingress SHOULD bias link metrics based on available capacity and select a low cost path which meets LSP total path delay criteria. To communicate the requirements of an LSP, the ERO MUST be extended to indicate the per link constraints. To communicate the type of resource used, the RRO SHOULD be extended to carry an identification of the group that is used to carry the LSP at each link bundle hop. 3.1.2. Local Control of Traffic Distribution Many requirements in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement] suggest that a node immediately adjacent to a component link should have a high degree of control over how traffic is distributed, as long as network performance objectives are met. Particularly relevant are FR#18 and FR#19. The requirements to allow local control are potentially in conflict with requirement FR#21 which gives full control of component link select to the LSP ingress. While supporting this capability is manditory, use of this feature is optional per LSP. 3.1.3. Path Symetry Requirements Requirement FR#21 in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement] includes a provision to bind both directions of a bidirectional LSP to the same component. This is easily achieved if the LSP is directly signaled across a composite link. This is not as easily achieved if a set of LSP with this requirement are signaled over a large hierarchical LSP which is in turn carried over a composite link. The basis for load distribution in such as case is the label stack. The labels in either direction are completely independent. This could be accomodated if the ingress, egress, and all midpoints of the hierarchical LSP make use of an entropy label in the distribution, and use only that entropy label. A solution for this problem may add complexity with very little benefit. There is little or no true benefit of using symetrical paths rather than component links of identical characteristics. Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 8] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 3.1.4. Requirements for Contained LSP [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement] calls for new LSP contraints. These constraints include frequency of load balancing rearrangement, delay and jitter, packet ordering contraints, and path symetry. When LSP are contained within hierarchical LSP, there is no signaling available at midpoint LSR which identifies the contained LSP let alone providing the set of requirements uniqe to each contained LSP. Defining extensions to provide this information would severely implact scalability and defeat the purpose of aggregating control information and forwarding information into hierarchical LSP. For the same scalability reasons, not aggregating at all is not a vialble option. As pointed out in Section 3.1.3, the benefits of supporting symetric paths among LSP contained within hierarchical LSP may not be sufficient to justify the complexity of supporting this capability. For other LSP requirements, the most scalable solution is to provide multiple hierarchical LSP, each aggregating LSP with common requirements, and stating those same requirements for the hierarchical LSP. This is a network design technique rather than a protocol extension. This technique can accommodate delay and jitter requirements, frequency of load balancing rearrangement, packet ordering constraints. Section 5.4 provides additional mechanisms for addressing packet ordering constraints. 3.1.5. Retaining Backwards Compatibility Backwards compatibility and support for incremental deployment requries considering the impact of legacy LSR in the role of LSP ingress, and considering the impact of legacy LSR advertising ordinary links, Ethernet LAG as ordinary links, and link bundles. Legacy LSR in the role of LSP ingress cannot signal requirements which are not supported by their control plane software. The addition of additional capabilities has not impact on these LSR. These LSR however, being unaware of extensions, may try to make use of scarse resources which support specific requirements such as low delay. To a limited extent it may be possible to avoid this issue using existing mechanisms such as link administrative attributes and attribute affinities [RFC3209]. Legacy LSR advertsing ordinary links will not advertise attributes needed by some LSP. For example, there is no way to determine the delay or jitter characteristics of such a link. Legacy LSR advertsing Ethernet LAG pose additional problems. There is no way to Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 9] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 determine that packet ordering constraints would be violated for LSP with strict packet ordering constraints, or that frequency of load balancing rearrangement constraints might be violated. Legacy LSR advertsing link bundles have no way to advertise the configured default behavior of the link bundle. Some link bundles may be configured to place each LSP on a single component link and therefore may not be able to accommodate an LSP which requires bandwidth in excess of the size of a component link. Some link bundles may be configured to spread all LSP over the all-ones component. For LSR using the all-ones component link, there is no documented procedure for correctly setting the "Maximum LSP Bandwidth". There is currently no way to indicate the largest microflow that could be supported by a link bundle using the all-ones component link. Having received the RRO, it is possible for an ingress to look for the all-ones component to identify such link bundles after having signaled at least one LSP. Whether any LSR collects this information on legacy LSR and makes use of it to set defaults, is an implementation choice. 3.2. Data Plane Challenges In order to maintain scalability, data plane forwarding retains state associated with the top label only. Data plane forwarding makes use of the top label to select a composite link, or a group of components within a composite link or for an LSP associated with a specific component selects a specific component link. For those LSP for which the LSP selects only the composite link or a group of a group of components within a composite link, the load balancing may make use of the entire label stack and in some cases may make use of information in the payload, though no state on specific contained LSP is retained. Load balancing makes use of techniques which allow large sets of flows to be moved to rearrange traffic. These large sets of flows may be at a finer granularity than contained LSP. Requirements to limit frequency of load balancing rearrangement can be adhered to by constraining the frequency at which these large sets of flows are moved. 3.2.1. Very Large LSP Very large LSP may exceed the capacity of any single component of a composite link. In some cases contained LSP may exceed the capacity of any single component. These LSP require the use of the equivalent of the all-ones component of a link bundle. Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 10] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 3.2.2. Very Large Microflows Within a very large LSP there may be very large microflows, or very large flows which cannot be further subdivided for other reasons. Flows which cannot be subdivided must be no larger that the capacity of any single component. Current signaling provides no way to specify the largest microflow that a can be supported on a given link bundle in routing advertisements. Extensions which address this are discussed in Section 5.4. Absent extensions of this type, traffic containing microflows that are too large for a given composite link may be present. There is no data plane solution for this problem that would not require reordering traffic at the composite link egress. Some techniques are suseptible to statistical collisions where an algorithm to distribute traffic is unable to disambiguate traffic among two or more very large microflow where their sum is in excess of the capacity of any single component. Hash based algorithms which use too small a hash space are particularly suseptible and require a change in hash seed in the event that this were to occur. A change in hash seed is highly disruptive, causing traffic reordering among all traffic flows over which the hash function is applied. 3.2.3. Traffic Ordering Constraints Some LSP have strict traffic ordering constraints. Most notable among these are MPLS-TP LSP. In the absense of aggregation into hierarchical LSP, those LSP with strict traffic ordering constraints can be placed on individual component links if there is a means of identifying which LSP have such a constraint. If LSP with strict traffic ordering constraints are aggregated in hierarchical LSP, the hierarchical LSP capacity may exceed the capacity of any single component link. In such a case the load balancing for the containing may be constrained to look only at the top label and the first contained label. This and related issues are discussed further in Section 5.4. 4. Existing Mechanisms In MPLS the one mechanisms which support explicit signaling of multiple parallel links is Link Bundling [RFC4201]. 4.1. Link Bundling Link bundling supports advertisement of a set of homogenous links as a single route advertisement. Link bundling supports placement of an Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 11] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 LSP on any single component link, or supports placement of an LSP on the all-ones component link. Not all link bundling implementations support the all-ones component link and there is no way to tell which support this feature and which do not. Based on [RFC4201] it is unclear how to advertise a link bundle for which the all-ones component link is available and used by default. Common practice is to violate the specification and set the Maximum LSP Bandwidth to the Available Bandwidth. [RFC6107] extends the procedures for hierarchical LSP but also extends link bundles. An LSP can be explicitly signaled to indicate that it is an LSP to be used as a component of a link bundle. While link bundling can be the basis for composite links, a significant number of small extension need to be added. 1. To support link bundles of heterogeneous links, a means of advertising the capacity available within a group of homogeneous needs to be provided. 2. Attributes need to be defined to support the following parameters for the link bundle or for a group of homogeneous links. A. delay range B. jitter (delay variation) range C. group metric D. all-ones component capable E. capable of dynamically balancing load F. largest supportable microflow G. abilities to support strict packet ordering requirements within contained LSP 5. Mechanisms Proposed in Other Documents A number of documents which at the time of writing are works in progress address parts of the requirements of Composite Link, or assist in making some of the goals acheivable. Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 12] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 5.1. Loss and Delay Measurement Procedures for measuring loss and delay are provided in [I-D.ietf-mpls-loss-delay]. These are OAM based measurements. This work could be the basis of delay measurements and delay variation measurement used for metrics called for in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement]. 5.2. Link Bundle Extensions A set of link bundling extensions are defined in [I-D.ietf-mpls-explicit-resource-control-bundle]. This document provides extensions to the ERO and RRO to explicitly control the labels and resources within a bundle used by an LSP. The extensions in this document could be further extended to support indicating a group of component links in the ERO or RRO, where the group is given an interface identification like the bundle itself. The extensions could also be further extended to support specification of the all-ones component link in the ERO or RRO. This document does not provide a means to advertise the link bundle components. 5.3. Fat PW and Entorpy Labels Two documents provide a means to add entropy for the purpose of improving load balance. MPLS encapsulation can bury information that is needed to identify microflows. These two documents allow a pseudowire ingress and LSP ingress respectively to add a label solely for the purpose of providing a finer granularity of microflow groups. [I-D.ietf-pwe3-fat-pw] allows pseudowires which carry a large volume of traffic, where microflows can be identified to be load balanced across multiple members of an Ethernet LAG or an MPLS link bundle. This is accomplished by adding a flow label below the pseudowire label in the MPLS label stack. For this to be effective the link bundle load balance must make use of the label stack up to and including this flow label. [I-D.kompella-mpls-entropy-label] provides a means for a LER to put an additional label known as an entropy label on the MPLS label stack. As defined, only the LER can add the entropy label and this label must be at the bottom of stack. If this restriction on entropy labels were to be relaxed, then core LSR could add entropy labels based on deep packet inspection and place the entropy label just below the label being acted on. This Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 13] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 would be helpful in situations where the label stack depth to which load distribution can operate is limited by implementation or is limited for other reasons such as carrying both MPLS-TP and MPLS with entropy labels within the same hierarchical LSP. 5.4. Multipath Extensions The multipath extensions drafts address one aspect of Composite Link. These drafts deal with the issue of accommodating LSP which have strict packet ordering constraints in a network containing multipath. MPLS-TP has become the one important instance of LSP with strict packet ordering constraints nad has driven this work. [I-D.villamizar-mpls-tp-multipath] outlines requirements and gives a number of options for dealing with the apparent incompatibility of MPLS-TP and multipath. A preferred option is described. [I-D.villamizar-mpls-tp-multipath-te-extn] provides protocol extensions needed to implement the preferred option described in [I-D.villamizar-mpls-tp-multipath]. Other issues pertaining to multipath are also addressed. Means to advertise the largest microflow supportable are defined. Means to indicate the larges expected microflow within an LSP are defined. Issues related to hierarchy are addressed. 6. Required Protocol Extensions and Mechanisms The primary areas where additional protocol mechanisms are required include the following. 1. An extension to link bundling is needed to specify a group of components with common attributes. This can be a TLV defined within the link bundle that carries the same encapsulations as the link bundle. Two interface indices would be needed for each group. A. An index is needed that if included in an ERO would indicate the need to place the LSP on any one component within the group. B. A second index is needed that if included in an ERO would indicate the need to balance flows within the LSP across all components of the group. This is equivalent to the "all- ones" component for the entire bundle. Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 14] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 2. A parameter is needed in the IGP-TE advertisement of delay and delay variation for links, link bundles, and forwarding adjacencies. Whatever mechanism is described must take precautions that insure that route oscillations cannot occur. 3. If a group is allowed to support all of the parameters of a link bundle, then a group TE metric would be accommodated. [ ... to be completed ... ] Note to co-authors: The following topics in the requirements document are not addressed. Since they are explicitly mentioned in the requirements document some mention of how they are supported is needed, even if to say nother needed to be done. If we conclude any particular topic is irrelevant, maybe the topic should be removed from the requirement document. At that point we could add the management requirements that have come up and were missed. 1. L3VPN RFC 4364, RFC 4797,L2VPN RFC 4664, VPWS, VPLS RFC 4761, RFC 4762 and VPMS VPMS Framework (draft-ietf-l2vpn-vpms-frmwk-requirements). 2. IP and LDP. This may be a matter of measuring, filtering the measurement, and deducting from the available bandwidth. 3. Migration may not be adequately covered in the backwards compatibility section. Comments on this? 4. Do we need more on load sharing oscillation? 5. Lower layer to upper layer communication (FR#7, FR#20) is addressed in mpls-tp-multipath where layers are MPLS, but not elsewhere. 6. IGP-TE extensions are not defined for delay and jitter, and frequency of load balancing rearrangement (FR#13, FR#15-FR#17). Constraints are not defined in RSVP-TE, but could be modeled after adminstrative attribute affinities in RFC3209 and elsewhere. 7. RSVP-TE preemption and soft-preemption need to be called out as solutions for FR#10. 8. FR#11 explicitly calls for adaptive multipath. This is assumed in the text so far but should be explicitly stated. More on hash methods might be needed pointing out that adaptive multipath as described in cl-requirements appendix does the job. Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 15] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 9. The behavior of hash methods needs to be described in terms of FR#12 (minimally disruptive). Reseeding the hash violates FR#12. Using modulo operations if a link comes or goes violates FR#12 (as pointed out in RFC2991 and RFC2992). 10. Extending LDP is called for in DR#2. 11. DR#5 is not addressed (composite link spans multiple network topologies). May need to discuss this. 12. We may need a performance section to address #DR6, #DR7, though we do already have scalability discussion. The performance section would have to say "no worse than before, except were there was no alternative to make it very slightly worse" (in a bit more detail than that). 7. Security Considerations [ ... to be completed ... ] The security section provides job security for the Security Area Directors. The security considerations for MPLS/GMPLS and for MPLS-TP are documented in [RFC5920] and [I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-security-framework]. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 8.2. Informative References [DBP] Bertsekas, D., "Dynamic Behavior of Shortest Path Routing Algorithms for Communication Networks", IEEE Trans. Auto. Control 1982. [I-D.ietf-mpls-explicit-resource-control-bundle] Zamfir, A., Ali, Z., and P. Dimitri, "Component Link Recording and Resource Control for TE Links", draft-ietf-mpls-explicit-resource-control-bundle-10 (work in progress), April 2011. [I-D.ietf-mpls-loss-delay] Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 16] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 Frost, D. and S. Bryant, "Packet Loss and Delay Measurement for MPLS Networks", draft-ietf-mpls-loss-delay-03 (work in progress), June 2011. [I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-security-framework] Fang, L., Niven-Jenkins, B., and S. Mansfield, "MPLS-TP Security Framework", draft-ietf-mpls-tp-security-framework-01 (work in progress), May 2011. [I-D.ietf-pwe3-fat-pw] Bryant, S., Filsfils, C., Drafz, U., Kompella, V., Regan, J., and S. Amante, "Flow Aware Transport of Pseudowires over an MPLS Packet Switched Network", draft-ietf-pwe3-fat-pw-07 (work in progress), July 2011. [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement] Villamizar, C., McDysan, D., Ning, S., Malis, A., and L. Yong, "Requirements for MPLS Over a Composite Link", draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-04 (work in progress), March 2011. [I-D.kompella-mpls-entropy-label] Kompella, K., Drake, J., Amante, S., Henderickx, W., and L. Yong, "The Use of Entropy Labels in MPLS Forwarding", draft-kompella-mpls-entropy-label-02 (work in progress), March 2011. [I-D.villamizar-mpls-tp-multipath] Villamizar, C., "Use of Multipath with MPLS-TP and MPLS", draft-villamizar-mpls-tp-multipath-01 (work in progress), March 2011. [I-D.villamizar-mpls-tp-multipath-te-extn] Villamizar, C., "Multipath Extensions for MPLS Traffic Engineering", draft-villamizar-mpls-tp-multipath-te-extn-00 (work in progress), July 2011. [RFC3209] Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V., and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels", RFC 3209, December 2001. [RFC4201] Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., and L. Berger, "Link Bundling in MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)", RFC 4201, October 2005. [RFC5920] Fang, L., "Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 17] Internet-Draft CL Framework Additions July 2011 Networks", RFC 5920, July 2010. [RFC6107] Shiomoto, K. and A. Farrel, "Procedures for Dynamically Signaled Hierarchical Label Switched Paths", RFC 6107, February 2011. Author's Address Curtis Villamizar (editor) Infinera Corporation 169 W. Java Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Email: curtis@occnc.com Villamizar Expires January 11, 2012 [Page 18]
- suggestion additions to cl-framework Curtis Villamizar