Latest draft of my IP table document
Karl Auerbach <karl@eng.sun.com> Sun, 28 April 1991 15:30 UTC
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Date: Fri, 08 Mar 1991 09:29:18 -0800
From: Karl Auerbach <karl@eng.sun.com>
Message-Id: <9103081729.AA01666@lvs.Eng.Sun.COM>
To: snmp-wg@nisc.nyser.net
Subject: Latest draft of my IP table document
Status: O
Here's the latest draft of my IP table document. I have made significant changes. In particular, I have removed the requirement for a continguous and ordered block. I have added DEFVAL clauses and restructured the language so that presumably the proposal can be more subject to automated interpreters. It is still a long way from perfect. And it does not answer the issues raised whether we need a more sophisticated instance for table entries. I want to do some informal talks on this proposal, SNMP row creation, and SNMP SETs in general at the IETF. The goal would be to see whether we can come up with a specifically concrete sense of direction that we can ask Chuck et al to charter a specific working group. --karl-- ----------cut here-------- RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing Management Information Base for IP Routing Table 9:51 PM March 7, 1991 Karl Auerbach Sun Microsystems karl@eng.sun.com 1. Status of this Memo This memo defines an extension to MIB-II (RFC draft-ietf-snmp- mib2-04.txt)[1] and is a Proposed Standard for the Internet community. Please send comments to: Karl Auerbach <karl@eng.sun.com>. 2. Introduction It is possible for a device to have a routing table in which there are multiple, alternate routes for any given destination. Similarly, there are devices which there are multiple, alternate IP addresses associated with the same physical interface. MIB-I (RFC1156)[2] does not adequately support these devices. Early drafts of MIB-II attempted to deal with these situations through the addition of a an additional, optional distinguishing component of the SNMP instance. However, certain problems were recognized with the MIB-II mechanism. In order to expedite the progress of MIB-II, the proposed changes were removed pending further study. Consequently, MIB-II, as published, also fails to adequately support these devices. The problems with the MIB-II drafts were twofold: 1. The use of an optional component in the instance portion of an object identifier was unique and would have caused problems with existing and new implementations. 2. There were no rules to govern the generation of this new component and the reclamation of its value. Nor were there any rules to deal with race conditions resulting from uncordinated SNMP activity. Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 1] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing This proposal proposes a revision to MIB-II to allow multiple routes and multiple IP addresses. In particular, the old MIB-I and MIB-II IP addressing and IP routing tables are superseded. The old table definitions are "deprecated". Both of these new tables add an additional component to the instance specifier, similar to what was proposed in the early MIB-II drafts. However, in this proposal, this additional component is mandatory, not optional. Rules are defined to govern the addition of new "rows" to these new tables. An additional variable is added to each of the new tables to clearly differentiate between addition of new rows and modification of existing rows. This proposal also corrects minor spelling errors in the MIB-II definitions. Additional clarifying text has been added to the definition of ipRouteMask. Two new enumerated values have been added to ipRouteType. This proposal does not resolve any issues with regard to devices which may support multiple hardware interfaces which share a common IP address. This proposal makes no changes to the SNMP protocol. 3. Deprecation of MIB-II IP Tables The status of the existing ipRouteTable, ipAddrTable, and all variables contained within those tables are changed to "deprecated". In other words, the definitions of ipRouteTable and ipAddrTable in MIB-II are modified as follows: ipRouteTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF IpRouteEntry ACCESS not-accessible STATUS deprecated DESCRIPTION "This entity's IP Routing table." ::= { ip 21 } ipAddrTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF IpAddrEntry ACCESS not-accessible STATUS deprecated DESCRIPTION "The table of addressing information relevant to this entity's IP addresses." ::= { ip 20 } Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 2] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing 4. New IP Routing Table The new IP routing table is very similar to the old version found in MIB-I and MIB-II. However, it has a new variable in each "row", ipRouteKey. And the instance index is composed of the ipRouteDest (like in MIB-I and MIB-I) plus the new ipRouteKey. The ipRouteKey is essentially a differentiator between different routes to the same destination. The presence of a SET operation against ipRouteKey acts as a switch to enable an agent to perform a row creation rather than modifying an existing instance of ipRouteEntry. The values of ipRouteKey must be unique only in the context of routes to the same destination. In other words, the same ipRouteKey value may be found on a route to a different destination. The values of ipRouteKey are not highly constrained. Values must range between 1 and 65535, inclusive. The values need not be densely packed. Nor need successive values bear any particular relationship to previous values. When generating new values, the generator may try to avoid re-using values which have recently been removed. However, since the scope of an ipRouteKey value is the set of routes with to the same destination, there is ought to be no problem should a value be quickly reused. 4.1 Contents -- the IP routing table -- The IP routing table contains an entry for each route -- presently known to this entity. ipRoutingTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF IpRouteEntry ACCESS not-accessible STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION "This entity's IP Routing table." ::= { ip XX } -- Each instance of IpRouteEntry is identified by a an -- instance formed by the IP address of the destination -- and a differentiating integer. This integer is -- generated and reclaimed according to rules -- specified in section 4.3 of this document. Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 3] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing ipRouteEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX IpRouteEntry ACCESS not-accessible STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION "A route to a particular destination." INDEX { ipRouteDest ipRouteKey} ::= { ipRouteTable 1 } IpRouteEntry ::= SEQUENCE { ipRouteDest IpAddress, ipRouteIfIndex INTEGER, ipRouteMetric1 INTEGER, ipRouteMetric2 INTEGER, ipRouteMetric3 INTEGER, ipRouteMetric4 INTEGER, ipRouteNextHop IpAddress, ipRouteType INTEGER, ipRouteProto INTEGER, ipRouteAge INTEGER, ipRouteMask IpAddress, ipRouteMetric5 INTEGER, ipRouteInfo OBJECT IDENTIFIER ipRouteKey INTEGER (1..65535) } ipRouteDest OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX IpAddress ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION "The destination IP address of this route. An entry with a value of 0.0.0.0 is considered a default route." ::= { ipRouteEntry 1 } ipRouteIfIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION "The index value which uniquely identifies the local interface through which the next hop of this route should be reached. The interface identified by a particular value of this index is the same interface as identified by the same value of ifIndex." ::= { ipRouteEntry 2 } Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 4] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing ipRouteMetric1 OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DEFVAL -1 DESCRIPTION "The primary routing metric for this route. The semantics of this metric are determined by the routing-protocol specified in the route's ipRouteProto value. If this metric is not used, its value should be set to -1." ::= { ipRouteEntry 3 } ipRouteMetric2 OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DEFVAL -1 DESCRIPTION "An alternate routing metric for this route. The semantics of this metric are determined by the routing-protocol specified in the route's ipRouteProto value. If this metric is not used, its value should be set to -1." ::= { ipRouteEntry 4 } ipRouteMetric3 OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DEFVAL -1 DESCRIPTION "An alternate routing metric for this route. The semantics of this metric are determined by the routing-protocol specified in the route's ipRouteProto value. If this metric is not used, its value should be set to -1." ::= { ipRouteEntry 5 } ipRouteMetric4 OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DEFVAL -1 DESCRIPTION "An alternate routing metric for this route. The semantics of this metric are determined by the routing-protocol specified in the route's ipRouteProto value. If this metric is not used, its value should be set to -1." ::= { ipRouteEntry 6 } Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 5] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing ipRouteNextHop OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX IpAddress ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION "The IP address of the next hop of this route. (In the case of a route bound to an interface which is realized via a broadcast media, the value of this field is the agent's IP address on that interface.)" ::= { ipRouteEntry 7 } ipRouteType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER { other(1), -- None of the following. invalid(2), -- An invalidated route. direct(3), -- Route to a directly -- connected (sub-)network. indirect(4) -- Route to a non-local -- host, network, or -- sub-network. expired(5), -- A stale route. failed(6), -- Route known but doesn't seem to work. } ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION "The type of route. Note that the values direct(3) and indirect(4) refer to the notion of direct and indirect routing in the IP architecture. Setting this object to the value invalid(2) has the effect of invalidating the corresponding entry in the ipRouteTable object. That is, it effectively disassociates the destination identified with said entry from the route identified with said entry. It is an implementation-specific matter as to whether the agent removes an invalidated entry from the table. Accordingly, management stations must be prepared to receive tabular information from agents that corresponds to entries not currently in use. Proper interpretation of such entries requires examination of the relevant ipRouteType object." ::= { ipRouteEntry 8 } Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 6] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing ipRouteProto OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER { other(1), -- None of the following. local(2), -- Non-protocol information, -- e.g., manually configured -- entries. netmgmt(3), -- Set via a network -- management protocol icmp(4), -- Obtained via ICMP, -- e.g., Redirect -- The remaining values are -- all gateway routing -- protocols: egp(5), ggp(6), hello(7), rip(8), is-is(9), es-is(10), ciscoIgrp(11), bbnSpfIgp(12), ospf(13), bgp(14) } ACCESS read-only STATUS mandatory DEFVAL netmgmt(3) DESCRIPTION "The routing mechanism via which this route was learned. Inclusion of values for gateway routing protocols is not intended to imply that hosts should support those protocols." ::= { ipRouteEntry 9 } ipRouteAge OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DEFVAL 0 DESCRIPTION "The number of seconds since this route was last updated or otherwise determined to be correct. Note that no semantics of `too old' can be implied except through knowledge of the routing protocol by which the route was learned." ::= { ipRouteEntry 10 } Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 7] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing ipRouteMask OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX IpAddress ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION "Indicate the mask to be logical-ANDed with the destination address before being compared to the value in the ipRouteDest field. For those systems that do not support arbitrary subnet masks, an agent constructs the value of the ipRouteMask by determining whether the value of the correspondent ipRouteDest field belong to a class-A, B, or C network, and then using one of: mask network 255.0.0. class-A 255.255.0.0 class-B 255.255.255.0 class-C If the value of the ipRouteDest is 0.0.0.0 (a default route), then the mask value is also 0.0.0.0. It should be noted that all IP routing subsystems implicitly use this mechanism. Some implementations of IP can differentiate between routes to networks and routes to individual hosts. These can be distinguished by the following convention: Routes to specific hosts have ipRouteMask values of 0xFFFFFFFF (32 ones). All other values of ipRouteMask indicate a network route." ::= { ipRouteEntry 11 } ipRouteMetric5 OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DEFVAL -1 DESCRIPTION "An alternate routing metric for this route. The semantics of this metric are determined by the routing-protocol specified in the route's ipRouteProto value. If this metric is not used, its value should be set to -1." ::= { ipRouteEntry 12 } Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 8] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing ipRouteInfo OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DEFVAL { 0 0 } DESCRIPTION "A reference to MIB definitions specific to the particular routing protocol which is responsible for this route, as determined by the value specified in the route's ipRouteProto value. If this information is not present, its value should be set to the OBJECT IDENTIFIER { 0 0 }, which is a syntactically valid object identifier, and any conforming implementation of ASN.1 and BER must be able to generate and recognize this value." ::= { ipRouteEntry 13 } ipRouteKey OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (1..65535) ACCESS read-write STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION "A value which distinguishes this instance of IpRouteEntry from other instances. A value is invalid for a write if it represents an existing instance of ipRouteEntry unless that instance has an ipRouteType value of 'invalid'. Hence writes to ipRouteKey may occur only in the context of an attempt to create a new instance of ipRouteEntry. An attempt to write a value indicates that creation of a new instance of ipRouteEntry is to be attempted." ::= { ipRouteEntry 14 } 4.2 Adding New Rows to new routing table Construction of a new conceptual "row" to the IP is the creation of a new instance of ipRouteEntry including all of its component variables. The method proposed here resolves problems found in other schemes. This method requires that the entire row creation be accomplished in a single SET-REQUEST. Consequently the agent may easily avoid race conditions caused by uncoordinated activity of two or more manager stations. This method gives the manager the ability to define in advance the object instance to be used for the elements of the new instance of ipRouteEntry. This eliminates a problem in other Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 9] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing methods which require the manager to read-back the table to determine what instance the agent assigned to the new row. The SET-REQUEST must contain a defined minimum set of information. 4.2.1 SET-REQUEST PDU Content Requirements An SNMP agent shall create a new instance of IpRouteEntry for each collection of varBinds contained in an otherwise valid a SET-REQUEST PDU meeting the following criteria. The following criteria are to be applied in the order shown. 1. No two or more varBinds in the varBindList may name the same variable. 2. The collection of varBinds consists of those varBinds in the varBindList which: a) Name variables within ipRouteEntry, and b) All have the same INDEX value. 3. The collection must contain a varBind naming ipRouteDest and a varbind naming ipRouteKey. 4. The value proposed for ipRouteDest must match that found in the INDEX for the varBinds in the collection. 5. The value proposed for ipRouteKey must match that found in the INDEX for the varBinds in the collection. 6. In addition to those varBinds required by condition #3, the collection must contain a varBind naming each variable within ipRouteEntry for which there is no DEFVAL clause in its definition. 7. The collection may contain varBinds naming variables within ipRouteEntry for which there are DEFVAL clauses in their definition provided that for each such varBind the value being proposed is the same as that indicated in the DEFVAL clause. 8. The INDEX of the varBinds in the collection must refer to an nonexistent instance of IpRouteEntry or one in which ipRouteType is "invalid (2)". 9. The values of varBinds in the collection must be consistent with one another and with other, existing entries in the routing table. 10. The agent must have sufficient resources to sustain the creation of the proposed new instance of ipRouteEntry. Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 10] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing Condition #1 is a restatement of the general rule that an SNMP SET-REQUEST PDU may not contain two or more varBinds proposing values (even consistent values) for the same instance of a variable. (This rule is not expressly stated in RFC1157, but is implicit in the requirement that the setting of all variables must be effected logically simultaneously.) The purpose of condition #8 is to prevent the accidental overwriting of an existing row. This is particularly useful when a row appears "spontaneously" (due to action of a routing protocol) or through uncoordinated SNMP activity from another management station. 4.2.2 Error Conditions If condition #1 is not met, then the SET-REQUEST shall be rejected with a badValue error with the error index referencing the second of the erroneous varBind. If condition #2 can not be applied to create a collection of varBinds, then the varBinds are considered as unrelated for purposes of the IP routing table and will succeed or fail on their individual merits (subject, of course, to the standard SNMP requirement that all SETs succeed or fail together.) If conditions #1 through #2 are met, but condition #3 fails, then the SET-REQUEST shall be rejected with a badValue error with the error index referencing the first varBind of the collection. If conditions #1 through #3 are met, but condition #4 or #5 fails, then the SET-REQUEST shall be rejected with a badValue error with the error index referencing the offending varBind. If conditions #1 through #5 are met, but condition #6 fails, then the SET-REQUEST shall be rejected with a badValue error with the error index referencing the first varBind of the collection. <<***This is ambiguous with respect to a failure of condition #3.***>>> If conditions #1 through #3 are met, but condition #7 fails, then the SET-REQUEST shall be rejected with a badValue error with the error index referencing the offending varBind. If conditions #1 through #7 are met, but condition #8 fails, then the SET-REQUEST shall be rejected with a genErr error with the error index referencing the first varBind of the collection. If conditions #1 through #8 are met, but condition #9 fails, then the SET-REQUEST shall be rejected with a badValue error with the error index referencing the varBind which is most closely associated with the inconsistency. <<<***This is quite ambigous.***>>> (Note that a route which is marked as "invalid" is considered as nonexistent for the purposes of condition #8. Thus a collection Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 11] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing of varBinds which meets all of the above conditions with respect to an existing, but "invalid" row has the effect of resurrecting that row.) 4.2.3 Agent Behavior An agent must ensure that once an instance of ipRouteEntry is created that it retains is value of ipRouteKey. Instances of ipRouteKey may be created or destroyed as the result of an SNMP SET-REQUEST PDU or through the action of a routing protocol, ICMP, or local configuration tools. 4.2.3.1 SNMP Triggered Agent Behavior Upon receipt of a SET-REQUEST PDU with meets the previously stated criteria, the agent shall create a new instance of ipRouteEntry. 4.2.3.2 Autonomous Creation of ipRouteEntry Instances Instances of ipRouteEntry may come into existence and disappear apart from any SNMP activity (e.g. as the result of routing protocols, ICMP activity, or local configuration.) In these situations the agent is responsible for building an appropriate and internally consistent row. The agent must select a value for ipRouteKey which is not otherwise in use. It is suggested that agents generate even values of ipRouteKey. 4.2.4 Manager Behavior To make use of these rules, a manager station creates a new row as follows: 1. The manager station, by its own private means, gathers together the information to be placed in the new row. 2. The manager station chooses a value of ipRouteKey for the new row. The best technique is to read the ipRoutingEntrys for the proposed destination to winnow out any ipRouteKeys which are currently in use. However, any other mechanism may be used (including random generation). It is suggested that managers generate odd values of ipRouteKey. It is suggested that manager stations include some randomizing method within the generation of ipRouteKey values. The purpose is to cause a "randomized backoff" to avoid persistent collisions between two manager stations trying to create a row. <<<***We may want to make this more of a mandatory requirement than a mere suggestion***>>> Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 12] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing The manager station must always be prepared for the SET-REQUEST to fail due to ipRouteKey collision no matter how the value is selected. 3. The manager station sends out a SET-REQUEST PDU containing a collection of varBinds as described above. The value of ipRouteKey used in the Index and proposed for ipRouteKey in the varBinds is that selected in step #2 above. The agent will validate the SET-REQUEST. During validation, the agent will run the varBinds against the previously described criteria. If the manager has indicated row creation, but a row already exists, the agent will reject the SET-REQUEST. Otherwise, if the SET-REQUEST is otherwise valid, the agent will create the new row and a good GET-RESPONSE PDU will be returned. 4. If the manager receives a clean GET-RESPONSE, the manager will "know" that a new row has been created with the given ipRouteKey. Otherwise, if the error in the response PDU indicates a row collision, the manager station should iterate this procedure from step #2, above. The number of iterations is theoretically unbounded, but in practice (and assuming the manager is not simply reusing the same proposed ipRouteKey values) the procedure should terminate very quickly. In fact, if the manager station selects proposed ipRouteKeys based upon those in use, collisions (and hence iterations) should be very rare indeed. 4.2.5 General Comments on Row Creation Note that presence of ipRouteKey within a collection of varBinds in a SET-REQUEST enables a manager to safely differentiate between creation of a new instance and modification of an existing entry. Condition #8 acts as a gate to prevent the inadvertent overwriting of existing rows, including rows which have recently been created and of which the manager station is unaware. Also note that the manager is able to "know" what value of ipRouteKey is associated with any instances which that manager creates. The manager need only examine the success or failure of the SET-REQUEST, a subsequent GET-REQUEST or series of GET-NEXT-REQUESTs are not needed to ascertain the ipRouteKey of the new row. A single SET-REQUEST PDU may contain multiple collections of varBinds meeting these criteria. In such cases, the agent shall create multiple new rows. However, note that condition #2 prevents there being multiple collections which refer to the same row. Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 13] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing 5. New IP Addressing Table 5.1 Contents 5.2 Adding News Rows to the new addressing table Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 14] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing REFERENCES [1] M. Rose, K. McCloghrie, Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets: MIB-II, Internet Working Group RFC draft, Network Information Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, (Dec, 1990) [2] M. Rose, K. McCloghrie, Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets, Internet Working Group RFC 1156, Network Information Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, (May, 1990) Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page 15] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing Management Information Base for IP Routing Table 9:51 PM March 7, 1991 Karl Auerbach Sun Microsystems karl@eng.sun.com ABSTRACT This document proposes replacements for the MIB-II IP routing and addressing tables. The new routing table supports multiple routes to the same destination; the new addressing table supports multiple IP addresses for the same interface. The new tables are derived from, but are more clearly defined then their predecessors. In particular, specific procedures are defined to create new instances of conceptual rows for the new tables. This document proposes changes to the MIB. These proposals do not effect the operation of the SNMP protocol itself. +--------------------------------------------+ | DRAFT | +--------------------------------------------+ Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page i] RFC WXYZ draft Enhanced IP MIB Tables March 1991 For Routing and Addressing Table of Contents 1. Status of this Memo 1 2. Introduction 1 3. Deprecation of MIB-II IP Tables 2 4. New IP Routing Table 3 4.1 Contents 3 4.2 Adding New Rows to new routing table 9 4.2.1 SET-REQUEST PDU Content Requirements 10 4.2.2 Error Conditions 11 4.2.3 Agent Behavior 12 4.2.3.1 SNMP Triggered Agent Behavior 12 4.2.3.2 Autonomous Creation of ipRouteEntry Instances 12 4.2.4 Manager Behavior 12 4.2.5 General Comments on Row Creation 13 5. New IP Addressing Table 14 5.1 Contents 14 5.2 Adding News Rows to the new addressing table 14 Karl Auerbach DRAFT [Page ii]
- Latest draft of my IP table document Karl Auerbach
- Latest draft of my IP table document Karl Auerbach