Re: [Internet Policy] Why the World Must Resist Calls to Undermine the Internet

[Michael StJohns <[e-mail]>]

Some details added below.

On 3/15/2022 7:59 AM, vinton cerf wrote:
> 1. Arpanet was never called "Darpanet"
ARPA was called DARPA for a short while.   There was also DARTNet which 
was a research network based on IP technology, but with a life probably 
later '80s to late 90's.  But ARPANET was never DARPANET - never 
happened.   ARPANet did split into two IMP based networks - ARPANet and 
Milnet, and Milnet was eventually replaced by the IP router based 
NIPRNet (New Internet PRotocol Network) beginning around '89-90.
> 2. I don't think we ever "numbered" users since getting on the Arpanet 
> was mostly by having an account on a time-sharing computer at a 
> university (or research lab) that had an ARPA contract.

The only thing I can think of that might have been user serialized were 
the TACACS login credentials issued by the NIC on behalf of both ARPANET 
and MILNET.  I believe those were active from the NCP -> TCP/IP 
transition and probably not earlier than '82.

> 3. "bangs" were at email level, not Arpanet (or Internet) level of 
> routing. The "bang" email addresses aided routing through application 
> level gateways.

And for Usenet newsgroups as well, both mostly via UUCP.

> 4. Bob Kahn, Dave Walden, Frank Heart and many others at BBN did the 
> Arpanet IMP design. The Arpanet Host-Host NCP effort was led by Steve 
> Crocker (Jon Postel and I and others helped) and stabilized enough to 
> support email in 1971 and a public demonstration in October 1972. The 
> Internet work started the next year in 1973. Since Internet was 
> conceived as a network of networks, you needed more than one network 
> to make an Internet. There were three to begin with: Arpanet, Packet 
> Radio Net and Packet Satellite Net, all funded by ARPA.

AIRC from slides you presented at the first occurrence of what would 
become the INTEROP conference (specifically as the dinner speaker), both 
you and Dr Dave Clark (MIT) were partially credited with the split of 
NCP into TCP and IP and I would say that particular refactoring was the 
key idea of the new network that allowed it to grow.  I seem to remember 
a picture of a napkin with the sketch of the split.   That would have 
been presented ~86 at Monterey?

Mike

>
> On Tue, Mar 15, 2022 at 4:50 AM David Lloyd-Jones via InternetPolicy 
> <[e-mail]> wrote:
>
>     Willi,
>
>     You have shown us that you are full of good sentiments. Quite a
>     lot of them. Very good ones. I assume that you know something
>     about the start and development of the Internet but no such
>     knowledge has found its way into your long post.
>     .
>     First proposed by Bacon in the fifteenth century or so, the 'Net
>     was a solid policy proposal made by Vannevar Bush in 1945. It was
>     made possible by the invention of packet-switching in the mid-1960
>     to 70s. Johnny Foster, JFK's science advisor in 1961, was the
>     first person I know of to have done solid financing of the
>     effort.  Bush was working on wide-scale computer networking, along
>     with many other things, when I met him in his utterly false
>     "retirement" in Lexington, Mass. in 1976. This was well before
>     your Reagan Administration.
>
>     The original present "internet" was ARPAnet  (on which I was user
>     #300 in 1971). This was financed before it really existed by ARPA
>     when that "Agency" was more-or-less a slush fund passed around at
>     random in the Pentagon. It continued as DARPAnet after they added
>     that "D," for defence, to pretend compliance with the Mansfield
>     Amendment. I worked on this on Congressional staff in 1969-71 and
>     at MIT in '72. The D was tacked on in December '71 or January '72,
>     I forget, but had been in the works ever since Mansfied, as
>     Senator, had tried to prevent military money from corrupting
>     civilian research. Unfortunately, civilian researchers cried
>     piteously that they wanted to be corrupted. By then, Mansfied was
>     ambassador to Japan....
>
>     When the scalability of the internetted nets, DARPAnet, began to
>     seem limited, -- all those !!! "bangs," -- its growth was smoothed
>     by the development of the present TCP/IP, credited to Bob Kahn and
>     Vint Cerf. When Cerf later went to work for MCI, a hapless little
>     phone company, their PR department tub-thumped that he was
>     "the" founder of "the" Internet. Many people seem to have believed
>     this inanity. More recently this has been toned down to "a"
>     founder of the Internet. In fact packet-switching, the key
>     invention, was largely the work of Lenny Kleinrock, under whom
>     Cerf studied as a university student. Their much later
>     contribution to TCP/IP has certainly been useful.
>
>     On Fri, 11 Mar 2022 at 13:07, willi uebelherr via InternetPolicy
>     <[e-mail]> wrote:
>
>
>         Why the World Must Resist Calls to Undermine the Internet
>         Andrew Sullivan, 02.03.2022
>         https://www.internetsociety.org/blog/2022/03/why-the-world-must-resist-calls-to-undermine-the-internet/
>
>         Dear friends,
>
>         Andrew Sullivan rightly pointed out in his text that "the
>         Internet is
>         for everyone". Absolutely right in the idea.
>
>         But the reality is different. The technical players acting
>         today are not
>         interested in a free global communication of people, but in a
>         commercialization and capitalization of their needs for
>         communication.
>
>         This result did not come about by chance, but was already the
>         essential
>         guiding principle at the beginning by the government of the
>         USA under
>         Ronald Reagan. The original concept of "the inter-connection
>         of local
>         Net-works", which is necessarily based on local networks,
>         became a
>         privately and state organized system of interconnected
>         star-systems,
>         "the inter-connection of private Star-Systems".
>
>         This interconnection of star-systems creates the possibility
>         to organize
>         access and exclusion according to arbitrary criteria. And we
>         see today
>         that the system of a free global communication has turned into
>         a field
>         of censorship and private control mania, organized by
>         countries calling
>         themselves "the West". Already the naming points to organized
>         bullshit,
>         because the planet is a sphere and not a disk and thus any
>         directions
>         can lead to the same goal.
>
>         The actors of this fragmentation and breaking of a free human
>         communication "without borders" are those who call themselves
>         representatives of a "free world", but in fact trample every
>         diversity
>         with military boots. Every form of racial mania a'la Cecil
>         Rhodes is put
>         back on the table. Lying and hypocrisy is the form of
>         communication that
>         is now elevated to the absolute.
>
>         The idea of telecommunication in the form of an Internet that
>         does not
>         adhere to private or governmental or geographical boundaries,
>         as we saw
>         with Jonathan Postel, was destroyed at the very beginning of
>         the life of
>         an Internet. Today we see what a monster of small-minded power
>         madness
>         it has developed into, where only private profit interests and
>         state
>         delusions of control apply.
>
>         The alternative always remains. A telecommunication in the
>         form of an
>         internet, which rests on local networks and thus enables free
>         access to
>         all people of our planet, independent of their social
>         situation and
>         geographical position.
>
>         That and only that is a "net of nets".
>
>         with kind regards, willi
>         Asuncion, Paraguay
>
>
>
>         in german
>         -----------------------------------------------------------
>
>         Liebe freunde,
>
>         Andrew Sullivan hat zu Recht in seinem Text darauf
>         hingewiesen, "the
>         Internet is for everyone". Absolut richtig in der Idee.
>
>         Aber die Wirklichkeit sieht anders aus. Die heute agierenden
>         technischen
>         Akteure sind nicht an einer freien globalen Kommunikation der
>         Menschen
>         interessiert, sondern an einer Kommerzialisierung und
>         Kapitalisierung
>         ihrer Beduerfnisse nach Kommunikation.
>
>         Dieses Resultat ist nicht zufaellig entstanden, sondern war
>         bereits zu
>         Anfang das wesentliche Leitmotiv durch die Regierung der USA
>         unter
>         Ronald Reagan. Das urspruengliche Konzept "the
>         Inter-connection of local
>         Net-works", das ja notwendig auf lokalen Netzwerken ruht,
>         wurde zu einem
>         privat und staatlich organisierten System von verbundenen
>         Sternsystemen,
>         "the inter-connection of private Star-Systems".
>
>         Diese Verbindung von Stern-Systemen schafft die Moeglichkeit,
>         nach
>         beliebigsten Kriterien den Zugang und Ausschluss zu
>         organisieren. Und
>         wir sehen heute, dass sich das System einer freien globalen
>         Kommunikation zu einem Feld der Zensur und privatem Kontrollwahn
>         entwickelt hat, das von Laendern organisiert wird, die sich
>         "der Westen"
>         nennen. Schon die Namensgebung deutet auf organisierten
>         Schwachsinn,
>         weil der Planet eine Kugel und keine Scheibe ist und damit
>         beliebige
>         Richtungen zum gleichen Ziel fuehren koennen.
>
>         Die Akteure dieser Zersplitterung und Zerbrechung einer freien
>         menschlichen Kommunikation "ohne Grenzen" sind jene, die sich als
>         Vertreter einer "freien Welt" bezeichnen, tatsaechlich aber jede
>         Diversitaet mit militaerischen Stiefeln zertrampeln. Jede Form
>         des
>         Rassenwahns a'la Cecil Rhodes wird wieder auf den Tisch
>         gestellt. Die
>         Luege und Heuchelei ist diejenige Form der Kommunikation, die
>         nun zum
>         absoluten Mass erhoben wird.
>
>         Die Idee einer Telekommunikation in Form eines Internet, das
>         sich nicht
>         an private oder staatliche oder geografische Grenzen haelt,
>         wie wir es
>         bei Jonathan Postel sahen, wurde schon zu Beginn der
>         Lebensphase eines
>         Internet zerstoert. Heute sehen wir, zu welchem Monster
>         kleingeistigem
>         Machtwahns es sich entwickelt hat, wo nur noch private
>         Profitinteressen
>         und staatlicher Kontrollwahn gelten.
>
>         Die Alternative bleibt immer existent. Eine Telekommunikation
>         in Form
>         eines internet, das auf lokalen Netzwerken ruht und so allen
>         Menschen
>         unseres Planeten den freien Zugang ermoeglicht, unabhaengig
>         von ihrer
>         sozialen Lage und geografischen Position.
>
>         Das und nur das ist ein "Netz der Netze".
>
>         mit lieben gruessen, willi
>         Asuncion, Paraguay
>
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>     _______________________________________________
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