Re: OSPFv2 Opaque LSAs in OSPFv3

["Manral, Vishwas" <[e-mail]>]

Hi Acee/folks,

> Completely agree. Could you put this in draft form? This is at least
> the second time the question of opaque LSAs and OSPFv3 has been raised.

Ok just to start to get the ball rolling, I am attaching a rip-off of the
Katz Yeung draft for OSPFv3.

The main points are : -
a) New LSA type defined
b) U-bit set to 0
c) Whereever IP address was used, has been changed.

I guess we can do with reference to the Katz-yeung draft and other TE
drafts. However for now I have left stuff as it is.

Kireeti/Kunihiro or anyone else willing to help please let me know.

Thanks,
Vishwas

=========================================================





Network Working Group                             Vishwas Manral
Internet Draft                                    Netplane Systems
Category: Standards Track                         October 2002

Expires: March 2003
draft-manral-ospfv3-traffic-00.txt

            Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF Version 3
                             *** Draft ***


Status

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This document describes extensions to the OSPF protocol version 3 to
   support intra-area Traffic Engineering, using a new OSPFv3 [RFC2740]
   LSA type called Intra-Area-TE-LSA.

1. Introduction

   This document specifies a method of adding traffic engineering
   capabilities to OSPF Version 3 [1].  The architecture of traffic
   engineering is described in [2].  The semantic content of the
   extensions is essentially identical to the corresponding extensions
   to IS-IS and OSPFv2[katz-yeung-draft].  It is expected that the traffic
   engineering extensions to OSPFv3 will continue to mirror those in
   OSPFv2.

   The extensions provide a way of describing the traffic engineering
   topology (including bandwidth and administrative constraints) and
   distributing this information within a given OSPFv3 area.  This
   topology does not necessarily match the regular routed topology,
   though this proposal depends on Network LSAs to describe multi-access
   links.

1.1. Applicability

   Many of the extensions specified in this document are in response to
   the requirements stated in [2], and thus are referred to as "traffic
   engineering extensions", and are also commonly associated with MPLS
   Traffic Engineering.  A more accurate (albeit bland) designation is
   "extended link attributes", as what is proposed is simply to add more
   attributes to links in OSPFv3 advertisements.

   The information made available by these extensions can be used to
   build an extended link state database just as router LSAs are used to
   build a "regular" link state database; the difference is that the
   extended link state database (referred to below as the traffic
   engineering database) has additional link attributes.  Uses of the
   traffic engineering database include:

      o monitoring the extended link attributes;
      o local constraint-based source routing; and
      o global traffic engineering.

   For example, an OSPFv3-speaking device can participate in an OSPFv3
   area, build a traffic engineering database, and thereby report on the
   reservation state of links in that area.

   In "local constraint-based source routing", a router R can compute a
   path from a source node A to a destination node B; typically, A is R
   itself, and B is specified by a "router address" (see below).  This
   path may be subject to various constraints on the attributes of the
   links and nodes that the path traverses, e.g., use green links that
   have unreserved bandwidth of at least 10Mbps.  This path could then
   be used to carry some subset of the traffic from A to B, forming a
   simple but effective means of traffic engineering.  How the subset of
   traffic is determined, and how the path is instantiated is beyond the
   scope of this document; suffice it to say that one means of defining
   the subset of traffic is "those packets whose IP destinations were
   learned from B", and one means of instantiating paths is using MPLS
   tunnels.  As an aside, note that constraint-based routing can be NP-
   hard, or even unsolvable, depending on the nature of the attributes
   and constraints and thus many implementations will use heuristics.
   Consequently, we don't attempt to sketch an algorithm here.

   Finally, for "global traffic engineering", a device can build a
   traffic engineering database, input a traffic matrix and an
   optimization function, crunch on the information, and thus compute
   optimal or near-optimal routing for the entire network.  The device
   can subsequently monitor the traffic engineering topology and react
   to changes by recomputing the optimal routes.

1.2. Limitations

   As mentioned above, this document specifies extensions and procedures
   for intra-area distribution of Traffic Engineering information.
   Methods for inter-area and inter-AS (Autonomous System) are not
   discussed here.

   The extensions specified in this document capture the reservation
   state of point-to-point links.  The reservation state of multiaccess
   links is not accurately reflected, except in the special case that
   there are only two devices in the multiaccess subnetwork.

   This document also does not support unnumbered links.  This
   deficiency is addressed in [4]; see also [5] and [6].

1.3. Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [7].

2. LSA Format

2.1. LSA type

   This extension makes use of a new OSPFv3 LSA type called
   Intra-Area-TE-LSA. The LSA function code of which is 10 and
   the LSA type value is 0x200a.

   The U-bit of the LSA has been set to 0. This helps prevent flooding
   of Intra-Area-TE-LSA's to other routers within the area which do not
   support the LSA type.

2.2. LSA ID

   The LSA ID field is used to identify different Intra-Area-TE-LSA's.
   A maximum of 4294967296 Traffic Engineering LSAs may be sourced
   by a single system.  The LSA ID has no topological significance.

2.3. LSA Format Overview

2.3.1. LSA Header

   The Traffic Engineering LSA starts with the standard LSA header. The
   values of the fields of significance in the header have been defined
above.

2.3.2. TLV Header

   The LSA payload consists of one or more nested Type/Length/Value
   (TLV) triplets for extensibility.  The format of each TLV is:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              Type             |             Length            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                            Value...                           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   The Length field defines the length of the value portion in octets
   (thus a TLV with no value portion would have a length of zero).  The
   TLV is padded to four-octet alignment;  padding is not included in
   the length field (so a three octet value would have a length of
   three, but the total size of the TLV would be eight octets).  Nested
   TLVs are also 32-bit aligned.  Unrecognized types are ignored.

   This memo defines Types 1 and 2.  See the IANA Considerations section
   for allocation of new Types.

2.4. LSA payload details

   An LSA contains one top-level TLV.

   There are two top-level TLVs defined:

     1 - Router Address
     2 - Link

2.4.1. Router Address TLV

   The Router Address TLV specifies a stable IP address of the
   advertising router that is always reachable if there is any
   connectivity to it.  This is typically implemented as a "loopback
   address"; the key attribute is that the address does not become
   unusable if an interface is down.  In other protocols this is known
   as the "router ID," but for obvious reasons this nomenclature is
   avoided here.  If a router advertises BGP routes with the BGP next
   hop attribute set to the BGP router ID, then the Router Address
   SHOULD be the same as the BGP router ID.

   If IS-IS is also active in the domain, this address can also be used
   to compute the mapping between the OSPFv3 and IS-IS topologies.  For
   example, suppose a router R is advertising both IS-IS and OSPF
   Traffic Engineering LSAs, and suppose further that some router S is
   building a single Traffic Engineering Database (TED) based on both
   IS-IS and OSPFv3 TE information.  R may then appear as two separate
   nodes in S's TED; however, if both the IS-IS and OSPFv3 LSAs generated
   by R contain the same Router Address, then S can determine that the
   IS-IS TE LSA and the OSPFv3 TE LSA from R are indeed from a single
   router.

   The router address TLV is type 1, and has a length of 16, and the
   value is the sixteen octet IPv6 address.  It must appear in exactly one
   Traffic Engineering LSA originated by a router.

   The address used cannot be a link-local address.

2.4.2. Link TLV

   The Link TLV describes a single link.  It is constructed of a set of
   sub-TLVs.  There are no ordering requirements for the sub-TLVs.

   Only one Link TLV shall be carried in each LSA, allowing for fine
   granularity changes in topology.

   The Link TLV is type 2, and the length is variable.

   The following sub-TLVs are defined:

     1 - Link type (1 octet)
     2 - Link ID (variable octets)
     5 - Traffic engineering metric (4 octets)
     6 - Maximum bandwidth (4 octets)
     7 - Maximum reservable bandwidth (4 octets)
     8 - Unreserved bandwidth (32 octets)
     9 - Administrative group (4 octets)
     103 - Local interface IP address (16N octets)
     104 - Remote interface IP address (16N octets)

   This memo defines sub-Types for OSPFv3.  See the IANA Considerations
   section for allocation of new sub-Types.

   The Link Type and Link ID sub-TLVs are mandatory, i.e., must appear
   exactly once.  All other sub-TLVs defined here may occur at most
   once.  These restrictions need not apply to future sub-TLVs.
   Unrecognized sub-TLVs are ignored.

   Various values below use the (32 bit) IEEE Floating Point format.
   For quick reference, this format is as follows:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |S|    Exponent   |                  Fraction                   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   where S is the sign; Exponent is the exponent base 2 in "excess 127"
   notation; and Fraction is the mantissa - 1, with an implied binary
   point in front of it.  Thus the above represents the value
        (-1)**(S) * 2**(Exponent-127) * (1 + Fraction)

   For more details, refer to [9].

2.5. Sub-TLV Details

2.5.1. Link Type

   The Link Type sub-TLV defines the type of the link:

       1 - Point-to-point
       2 - Multiaccess

   The Link Type sub-TLV is TLV type 1, and is one octet in length.

2.5.2. Link ID

   The Link ID sub-TLV identifies the other end of the link.  For point-
   to-point links, this is the Router ID of the neighbor.  For
   multiaccess links, this is the interface ID of the designated
   router.

   The Link ID sub-TLV is TLV type 2, and is four or 16 octets octets in
   Length, depending on the link type.

2.5.3. Local Interface IP Address

   The Local Interface IP Address sub-TLV specifies the IP address(es)
   of the interface corresponding to this link.  If there are multiple
   local addresses on the link, they are all listed in this sub-TLV. Are we
   required to advertise the Link-local-Addresses too.(I guess not)

   The Local Interface IP Address sub-TLV is TLV type 3, and is 16N
   octets in length, where N is the number of local addresses.

2.5.4. Remote Interface IP Address

   The Remote Interface IP Address sub-TLV specifies the IP address(es)
   of the neighbor's interface corresponding to this link.  This and the
   local address are used to discern multiple parallel links between
   systems.  If the Link Type of the link is Multiaccess, the Remote
   Interface IP Addess is set to 0.0.0.0 .

   The Remote Interface IP Address sub-TLV is TLV type 4, and is 16N
   octets in length, where N is the number of neighbor IPv6 addresses.

2.5.5. Traffic Engineering Metric

   The Traffic Engineering Metric sub-TLV specifies the link metric for
   traffic engineering purposes.  This metric may be different than the
   standard OSPF link metric.  Typically, this metric is assigned by a
   network admistrator.

   The Traffic Engineering Metric sub-TLV is TLV type 5, and is four
   octets in length.

2.5.6. Maximum Bandwidth

   The Maximum Bandwidth sub-TLV specifies the maximum bandwidth that
   can be used on this link in this direction (from the system
   originating the LSA to its neighbor), in IEEE floating point format.
   This is the true link capacity.  The units are bytes per second.

   The Maximum Bandwidth sub-TLV is TLV type 6, and is four octets in

2.5.7. Maximum Reservable Bandwidth

   The Maximum Reservable Bandwidth sub-TLV specifies the maximum
   bandwidth that may be reserved on this link in this direction, in
   IEEE floating point format.  Note that this may be greater than the
   maximum bandwidth (in which case the link may be oversubscribed).
   This SHOULD be user-configurable; the default value should be the
   Maximum Bandwidth.  The units are bytes per second.

   The Maximum Reservable Bandwidth sub-TLV is TLV type 7, and is four
   octets in length.

2.5.8. Unreserved Bandwidth

   The Unreserved Bandwidth sub-TLV specifies the amount of bandwidth
   not yet reserved at each of the eight priority levels, in IEEE
   floating point format.  The values correspond to the bandwidth that
   can be reserved with a setup priority of 0 through 7, arranged in
   increasing order with priority 0 occurring at the start of the sub-
   TLV, and priority 7 at the end of the sub-TLV.  The initial values
   (before any bandwidth is reserved) are all set to the Maximum
   Reservable Bandwidth.  Each value will be less than or equal to the
   Maximum Reservable Bandwidth.  The units are bytes per second.

   The Unreserved Bandwidth sub-TLV is TLV type 8, and is 32 octets in
   length.

2.5.9. Administrative Group

   The Administrative Group sub-TLV contains a 4-octet bit mask assigned
   by the network administrator.  Each set bit corresponds to one
   administrative group assigned to the interface.  A link may belong to
   multiple groups.

   By convention the least significant bit is referred to as 'group 0',
   and the most significant bit is referred to as 'group 31'.

   The Administrative Group is also called Resource Class/Color [2].

   The Administrative Group sub-TLV is TLV type 9, and is four octets in
   length.

3. Elements of Procedure

   Routers shall originate Traffic Engineering LSAs whenever the LSA
   contents change, and whenever otherwise required by OSPF (an LSA
   refresh, for example).  Note that this does not mean that every
   change must be flooded immediately; an implementation MAY set
   thresholds (for example, a bandwidth change threshold) that trigger
   immediate flooding, and initiate flooding of other changes after a
   short time interval.  In any case, the origination of Traffic
   Engineering LSAs SHOULD be rate-limited to at most one every
   MinLSInterval [1].

   Upon receipt of a changed Traffic Engineering LSA or Network LSA
   (since these are used in traffic engineering calculations), the
   router should update its traffic engineering database.  No SPF or
   other route calculations are necessary.


4. Compatibility Issues

   There should be no interoperability issues with routers that do not
   implement these extensions. OSPFv3 [RFC2740] already defines ways
   to handle unknown LSA types. As the U-bit is not set the LSA is treated
   as a Link-Local LSA by a router which does not understand the LSA type.

   The result of having routers that do not implement these extensions
   is that the traffic engineering topology will be missing pieces;
   however, if the topology is connected, TE paths can still be
   calculated and ought to work.


5. Normative References

6. Informative References


7. Security Considerations

   This document specifies the contents of Intr-Area-TE LSAs in OSPFv3.
   As the LSA's are not used for SPF computation or normal routing, the
   extensions specified here have no affect on IP routing.  Tampering
   with TE LSAs may have an effect on traffic engineering computations,
   however, and it is suggested that whatever mechanisms are used for
   securing the transmission of normal OSPFv3 LSAs be applied equally
   to all TE LSA's.

8. IANA Considerations

9. Authors' Addresses

   Vishwas Manral
   Netplane Systems,
   189, Prashasan Nagar,
   Road Number 72,
   Jubilee Hills,
   Hyderabad - 33
   INDIA


10. IPR Notices

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