Re: Authentication in draft-kuhn-quic-bdpframe-extension

[Q Misell <[e-mail]>]

Hi all,

I've had a think and some discussion with others about what's been said in
this chain, here are my thoughts.

> I think I tend to agree with Lucas modulo the point that it would make
more sense to store BDP information in tokens issued by the QUIC servers[1]
than the TLS session ticket.

The NEW_TOKEN frame would indeed be a very neat way to handle things.
However given that it is opaque this would stop the client from assessing
if it wants to use a token in cases where it is known the BDP has changed
significantly.

There is one other issue I see with this in that section 8.1.3 says:
"Though saving and using older tokens have no negative consequences,
clients can regard older tokens as being less likely to be useful to the
server for address validation."
An old BDP calculation may have negative consequences, however this could
be mitigated by expiring the BDP calculations in tokens after a certain
time. I'd like some more input on what's the best option here.

> The BDP_FRAME frame can only be sent in 0-RTT packets (if I understand
correctly, I'm very confused by the phrasing of section 4), so it can’t be
used for non-0-RTT session resumption.

Agreed that this section needs work on wording. I also think BDP should be
allowed in 0-RTT and 1-RTT, although it provides more value in 0-RTT than
1-RTT. Allowing 1-RTT BDP also precludes using TLS session resumption
tokens to store BDP data.

> From a protocol deployability perspective, we should expect that larger
fleets of servers will be wanting to run multivariate testing of CCs in a
way that doesn't require any coordination with the peer.

This is an excellent point. Might I suggest a compromise[1] in which some
CC parameters are made available to the client to aid in deciding whether
to use a BDP calculation on resumption. The server can signal to the client
that its tokens are encoded with a well-known format akin to the below
using a new bdp_tokens transport parameter.

BDP Token {
  Address Token Length (i),
  Address Token Value (..),
  Saved Capacity (i),
  Saved RTT (i),
  BDP Token Length (i),
  BDP Token Value(..)
}

The Address Token is opaque to the client, as is currently the case. The
Saved Capacity and Saved RTT fields are merely hints to the client to help
it decide if it wants to use the token or not. If it decides it doesn't
want to then it can send the token back with the BDP Token set to zero
length, but still preserving the Address Token. The BDP Token contains
opaque data specific to the congestion control algorithm in use by the
server. It is expected the Address Token and the BDP Token contain
appropriate verification to prevent meddling, using whatever method the
server sees fit.

If the client is unaware of the bgp_tokens parameter it will treat the
entire token as an opaque blob, achieving its intended purpose of
remembering BDP information without client modification.

I will find some time to write an I-D on this fleshing out the details a
bit more.

Thanks,
Q Misell

[1]: compromise, noun: leaving all parties disgruntled;
https://youtu.be/J1Yv24cM2os?t=100  <https://youtu.be/J1Yv24cM2os?t=100>
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On Mon, 6 Nov 2023 at 17:55, Kazuho Oku <[e-mail]> wrote:

>
>
> 2023年11月6日(月) 13:38 Gorry Fairhurst <[e-mail]>:
>
>> See below:
>>
>> On 06/11/2023 10:59, Kazuho Oku wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>> 2023年11月6日(月) 10:08 Gorry Fairhurst <[e-mail]>:
>>
>>> On 05/11/2023 15:49, Kazuho Oku wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> 2023年11月5日(日) 16:41 Marten Seemann <[e-mail]>:
>>>
>>>> > On different CC's: the set of parameters exchanged are fairly
>>>> generic, and I think it's very likely a client will use the same CC to talk
>>>> to the same server when it next resumes a session, so I am unsure i share
>>>> the concern about different CCs.
>>>>
>>>> Gorry, I might be misreading the draft, but in my understanding the
>>>> BDP_FRAME frame is used by servers to offload state to the client, not the
>>>> other way around, so your argument should be that the server will use the
>>>> same CC on the original and the resumed connection. The client might also
>>>> remember CC parameters, but they wouldn't be sent on the wire.
>>>> My argument here is twofold: If this frame is supposed to be read and
>>>> acted upon by the client, you now have to deal with the situation where
>>>> client and server use different CCs, which will lead to problems if server
>>>> and client don't use the same CC. On the other hand, if the frame is not
>>>> supposed to be acted upon by the client, there's no reason to use a frame
>>>> in the first place, as servers can just unilaterally decide to put the
>>>> information into the token.
>>>>
>>>
>>> FWIW, in case of quicly I'm not sure we'd want to use CWND and current
>>> RTT to calculate the jump CWND.
>>>
>>>
>>> That is because quicly has a delivery rate estimate based on ACK clock
>>> that gives us a better estimation of the available bandwidth; we'd prefer
>>> using that and the min RTT.
>>>
>>> Sure. This makes this interesting, and I know that ACK'ed rate can have
>>> advantages.
>>>
>>>
>>> As such, I'm not sure if having a standard definition of a BDP frame
>>> would help server implementers.
>>>
>>> I don't agree (yet?) The CC params that are used are to characterise the
>>> path, and have two roles - to enable "reconnaisance" in CR and to decide
>>> upon the unvalidate jump size.  This needs at least a saved RTT value and a
>>> rate/window.
>>>
>>> While I agree using rate is different to cwnd, for this specific
>>> purpose, isn't it possible to simply used  saved cwnd = rate*RTT? II think
>>> we might be able to agree on parameters for this specific use.
>>>
>> The problem is that the kind of RTT that we want to choose can be
>> different depending on if we have ack clock or if we rely on CWND.
>>
>> When ack clock is available, it would make sense to use idle RTT, because
>> that resembles the state of connection when we are not sending much data
>> (i.e., at the beginning of the connection). I think we should be comparing
>> the previous idle RTT and the new initial RTT in this case.
>>
>> Right, this seems fine. This is why we called it "capacity" ... in recent
>> drafts, let's agreee on a term for the next rev!
>>
>>
>> But when relying on CWND, it would make more sense to send SRTT, CWND
>> changes depending on the size of the bottleneck buffer as well.
>>
>> Also, because CWND is an unconfirmed estimate of the path, it can be 2x
>> as large (at the end of slow start), calculation of CR has to be more
>> conservative than when jumping based on the ack clock.
>>
>> Sure, so iin observation phase CR stores a  "saved_capacity" (if we
>> conbtinue  to call it that), which ought toi be calculated in the correct
>> way by the sender to measure the capacity. We have some text in the Careful
>> Resume text to say this ought to not include over buffering or data-limited
>> moments - if people think it useful, we can certainly add more text for
>> scenarios using different CCs.  (We haven't yet, because the CC saving the
>> params, is in most cases the CC using the params for CR.)
>>
>> To summarize, even though we can send CWND and RTT in both cases, what
>> they mean and how they should be used are going to be different.
>>
>> When the semantics (i.e., meaning and usage) is going to be different,
>> I'm not sure if there is a reason to standardize an encoding.
>>
>> Again though,  this "saved_capacity" is used just to make a jump. If we
>> make this value readable to the client to help inform things, it is just a
>> "value" from the server that it will use to compute the jump ...
>>
>
> If the primary intent is to show the client the jump CWND so that the
> client can make adjustments (e.g., to the flow control credits), I kind of
> wonder if it is the best approach to use the information exchanged in the
> previous session.
>
> I would probably argue that such information should be sent as 0.5 RTT
> data from the server. That information would be more accurate (because it
> can convey what the server *now* thinks), and can take care of the
> non-resuming case as well.
>
> Under the current form of CR that requires one RT before the jump, it's
> only the large scale servers that have the need to store the information
> from the previous session.
>
> FWIW, the other benefit that I see of using tokens is that we can add
>> arbitrary data associated to the values used by CRs. Tokens already have
>> the client IP address and time of the previous connection. To observe how
>> well CR works under various conditions, I think we'd put anything we want
>> to the Token and see if there would be correlations / anomalies.
>>
>> +1
>>
>> In other words, the format of the Tokens would evolve. That's the other
>> reason I am not interested in standardizing what to send.
>>
>> +1
>>
>> Gorry
>>
>>
>>> To paraphrase, I think the question is if there is an appetite for the
>>> WG to define a frame solely for communicating the estimate of the
>>> unvalidated phase *to the client,* and if sending that at the end of the
>>> previous connection is the best way to do so.
>>>
>>> Good questions.
>>>
>>> Gorry
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Sun, 5 Nov 2023 at 15:32, Gorry Fairhurst <[e-mail]>
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> On 05/11/2023 10:04, Marten Seemann wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> In the design of RFC 9000, frames are used to communicate information
>>>>> between two endpoints. This is not what the BDP_FRAME frame does: It's only
>>>>> saved by the client and echoed back to the server on a later connection. It
>>>>> is questionable to me if the client’s ability to inspect (but not modify)
>>>>> the contents of the frame provides a lot of value: Congestion controllers
>>>>> are inherently endpoint-specific, and (for example) reusing the parameters
>>>>> of an L4S CC with a Cubic CC, and vice versa, doesn't sound like a good
>>>>> idea.
>>>>>
>>>>> That's not what the ID says.
>>>>>
>>>>> On different CC's: the set of parameters exchanged are fairly generic,
>>>>> and I think it's very likely a client will use the same CC to talk to the
>>>>> same server when it next resumes a session, so I am unsure i share the
>>>>> concern about different CCs.
>>>>>
>>>>> Section 1.2 of the ID speaks about the possibility to share the
>>>>> infromation with the application... which might be important to tuning the
>>>>> use of the token (choosing which connection ought to use the
>>>>> Careful-Resume), and ensuring appropriate polices are used for flow-credit,
>>>>> choosing content encoding appropriate to rate, etc.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> As Kazuho pointed out, RFC 9000 already contains the concept of a
>>>>> resumption token.
>>>>>
>>>>> I'd like to understand more what that is.
>>>>>
>>>>> Tokens are opaque, so servers can encode whatever information they
>>>>> want into the token. Resumption tokens are used to validate the client’s IP
>>>>> address, so they’re inherently bound to the path. This is pretty much
>>>>> exactly the property that you’d want for resuming CC parameters. Apart from
>>>>> that, using tokens has multiple other advantages as well:
>>>>> 1. We don’t need interoperability between implementations here. The
>>>>> client is resuming the connection with the same server (or a different
>>>>> server in the same deployment), so it doesn’t matter how the information is
>>>>> encoded.
>>>>>
>>>>> I like that.
>>>>>
>>>>> 2. Depending on their CC, servers might want to encode a different set
>>>>> of parameters. This is possible when using a token, whereas the BDP_FRAME
>>>>> frame limits us to the few fields defined in the draft.
>>>>>
>>>>> Good - but I do expect that a BDP_FRAME could be made extensible.
>>>>>
>>>>> 3. The BDP_FRAME frame can only be sent in 0-RTT packets (if I
>>>>> understand correctly, I'm very confused by the phrasing of section 4), so
>>>>> it can’t be used for non-0-RTT session resumption.
>>>>>
>>>>> I think that depends a little on how we decide to finally transport
>>>>> the parms - we're open to changing this.
>>>>>
>>>>> 4. Obviously, using the token doesn’t require clients to be aware that
>>>>> this is going on, so it will work with every QUIC stack without any
>>>>> modification.
>>>>>
>>>>> Yes, that's nice also.
>>>>>
>>>>> Best wishes,
>>>>>
>>>>> Gorry
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On Sun, 5 Nov 2023 at 11:14, Kazuho Oku <[e-mail]> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 2023年11月4日(土) 15:44 <[e-mail]>:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> BDP frame is about QUIC transport (RFC9000) resumption. IMO, it does
>>>>>>> not have dependencies on RFC9001.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I think I tend to agree with Lucas modulo the point that it would
>>>>>> make more sense to store BDP information in tokens issued by the QUIC
>>>>>> servers[1] than the TLS session ticket.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Tokens are defined in RFC 9000. The only use case being mandated at
>>>>>> the moment is address validation but it is designed so that it can hold
>>>>>> arbitrary data. Tokens can hold BDP information as well.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 1: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9000#frame-new-token
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Orange Restricted
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> *De :* Gorry Fairhurst <[e-mail]>
>>>>>>> *Envoyé :* samedi 4 novembre 2023 14:45
>>>>>>> *À :* STEPHAN Emile INNOV/NET <[e-mail]>; Nicolas
>>>>>>> Kuhn <[e-mail]>; [e-mail]
>>>>>>> *Objet :* Re: Authentication in draft-kuhn-quic-bdpframe-extension
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 04/11/2023 13:28, [e-mail] wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hi
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> IMO, we are speaking of QUIC resumption not TLS.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Regards
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Emile
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I think QUIC CC resumption could be a part of TLS resumption. Are
>>>>>>> there also cases where these could be different things?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Gorry
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> *De :* QUIC <[e-mail]> <[e-mail]> *De la
>>>>>>> part de* Nicolas Kuhn
>>>>>>> *Envoyé :* samedi 4 novembre 2023 12:43
>>>>>>> *À :* [e-mail]
>>>>>>> *Objet :* Re: Authentication in draft-kuhn-quic-bdpframe-extension
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Dear all,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thank you for your interest in this work !
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I would tend to agree with Lucas and think we should consider
>>>>>>> scenarios where BDP frames would be used with TLS resumption and I do not
>>>>>>> see the need for proposing another trust mechanism; But there may be
>>>>>>> scenarios I do not see ?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> More comments inline.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Kind regards,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Nico
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 11/3/23 16:44, Lucas Pardue wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hi folks,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I'm still trying to come up to speed on this spec. But when I've
>>>>>>> thought about it a little, its seemed very natural to associate the BDP
>>>>>>> frame (contents) with the TLS session. We already have a lot of text about
>>>>>>> TLS session resumption in QUIC. It feels like there is already a template
>>>>>>> design with HTTP/3 - a server sends SETTINGS to tell a client something
>>>>>>> unique about the active QUIC connection. RFC 9114 section 7.2.4.2 [1]states
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> > When a 0-RTT QUIC connection is being used, the initial value of
>>>>>>> each server setting is the value used in the previous session. Clients
>>>>>>> *SHOULD* store the settings the server provided in the HTTP/3
>>>>>>> connection where resumption information was provided, but they *MAY* opt
>>>>>>> not to store settings in certain cases (e.g., if the session ticket is
>>>>>>> received before the SETTINGS frame). A client *MUST* comply with
>>>>>>> stored settings -- or default values if no values are stored -- when
>>>>>>> attempting 0-RTT. Once a server has provided new settings, clients
>>>>>>> *MUST* comply with those values.¶
>>>>>>> <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9114.html#section-7.2.4.2-6>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> So with a bit of massaging, if we can link BDP frame to session
>>>>>>> resumption. we know that it is based on a previous trust relationship.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Is there any scenario where BDP frame would want to be used without
>>>>>>> TLS resumption?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> [NK] I agree.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Cheers
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Lucas
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> [1] - https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9114.html#section-7.2.4.2-6
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Thu, Nov 2, 2023 at 6:17 PM Gorry Fairhurst <[e-mail]>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 02/11/2023 16:43, Q Misell wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hi all,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I've been working with Gorry (and others) on actually implementing
>>>>>>> the BDP frame extension, and further refining the draft based on experience
>>>>>>> from implementation.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Q, I think I can help a little, see below, but I think there are
>>>>>>> good questions here.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> [NK] If the draft is not clear enough on these relevant questions,
>>>>>>> we ought to make things clearer.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> One thing that came up that I'd like to ask the WG's opinion on is
>>>>>>> that of authentication of the BDP frame, and when it should be sent in the
>>>>>>> exchange. I've had a few thoughts on this, it'd be great to hear what
>>>>>>> others think of them, or what other suggestions people might have.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> First, my thoughts on authentication. Do the CC parameters need to
>>>>>>> be authenticated at all? I would say "yes" as a client sending some
>>>>>>> unauthenticated CC parameters could cause a DoS of the server (or any other
>>>>>>> node along the path) by trying to send far too much data at once.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The reason for the secure hash around the contents of the BDP Frame
>>>>>>> is to allow a server to know the CC params had not been modified. Of course
>>>>>>> you caould ask what sort of information contributes to that hash, to make
>>>>>>> the server confident that it can accept CC params from the client and
>>>>>>> believe that these have not been modifed? That could be important?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> [NK] The client should not be able to transmit unauthenticated CC
>>>>>>> parameters that are not checked / known by the server. In the current spec,
>>>>>>> the client can only send data previously received by the server. Malicious
>>>>>>> clients could try to cause a DoS on the server but that would not be
>>>>>>> specific to BDP Frame but to 0-RTT in general.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Should the CC parameters be encrypted? Probably not, as a client
>>>>>>> which is aware of a major decrease in available capacity could compare the
>>>>>>> new link capacity to its stored CC parameters and decide not to send them.
>>>>>>> If they're encrypted the client can't inspect what CC parameters the server
>>>>>>> thinks the link will have.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Perhaps the ID ought to be clearer. The QUIC Session is of course
>>>>>>> encrypted and authenticated, so, in this respect, the BDP Frame is
>>>>>>> protected in transit along the path using TLS.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The current proposal is not to additionally encrypt the CC params
>>>>>>> *within* the BDP, so that a client could read these and utlise as it sees
>>>>>>> fit. This still needs to authenticate the entire set of params, so that the
>>>>>>> server could trust them.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The params include an endpoint token used by a server  to represent
>>>>>>> the remote endpoint - we could have used the client IP source address for
>>>>>>> this if the client had an invariant public IP  source address. That's not
>>>>>>> so common with IPv6 or the use of IPv4 NAPT - so the server has to find a
>>>>>>> way to represent it's view of the client as the endpoint token. There could
>>>>>>> be possibilities to do this quite differently.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> How should they be authenticated? There are a few options I can see
>>>>>>> here, and I'm unsure which is best:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (1) Authenticated with the TLS certificate
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (2) Authenticated with some other asymmetric key
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (3) Authenticated using some symmetric key known only to the server
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (4) Same as 3 but with a key identifier
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Options 1 and 2 allow the client to verify the authentication over
>>>>>>> the CC parameters, but this doesn't seem to be of much use to me. Option 1
>>>>>>> additionally sets a time limit on use of stored CC parameters, as the TLS
>>>>>>> certificate will eventually expire. This doesn't seem to me to be much of
>>>>>>> an issue. A new connection far into the future (say 1-2 months) would
>>>>>>> almost certainly have different CC parameters anyway.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Option 3 seems the best to me. It would allow one key to be shared
>>>>>>> across an array of anycast servers, without sharing other keying material
>>>>>>> that might be used to protect more sensitive parts of the connection.
>>>>>>> Option 4 additionally expands on this by allowing key rotation without
>>>>>>> immediately invalidating all current stored CC parameters.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> So, if this is about how to construct the secure hash, irt seems
>>>>>>> like an interesting topic to find out more, I'd agree.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> [NK] We may not specify how to compute the secure hash but that
>>>>>>> could be interesting discussions if you think the draft needs to be more
>>>>>>> specific on this. IMHO the client does not need to know how the secure hash
>>>>>>> is compute and thus not sure we need interoperability.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> When should the BDP frame be sent? There are two places I can see
>>>>>>> BDP frames being useful to send:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (1) After initial frames but before crypto frames
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (2) After crypto frames and before application data
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Option 1 allows for the previously calculated CC parameters to be
>>>>>>> used for the sometimes quite large TLS handshake, but also precludes
>>>>>>> options 1 and 2 for authentication. Option 2 allows for greater flexibility
>>>>>>> in authentication, and also makes the BDP frame encrypted in transit. I'm
>>>>>>> unsure what the privacy implications of an unencrypted BDP frame are, so if
>>>>>>> anyone can come up with a reason CC data shouldn't be observable to an
>>>>>>> intermediary that would be greatly appreciated.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> :-)
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> [NK] Do we need to specify this in the draft or should this be let
>>>>>>> to implementers to define the most relevant approach (w.r.t. frame
>>>>>>> scheduling to format QUIC packets).
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Looking forward to hearing your thoughts.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> [NK] Thank you for your comments !
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Q Misell
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Gorry
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Any statements contained in this email are personal to the author
>>>>>>> and are not necessarily the statements of the company unless specifically
>>>>>>> stated. AS207960 Cyfyngedig, having a registered office at 13 Pen-y-lan
>>>>>>> Terrace, Caerdydd, Cymru, CF23 9EU, trading as Glauca Digital, is a company
>>>>>>> registered in Wales under № 12417574
>>>>>>> <https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/12417574>,
>>>>>>> LEI 875500FXNCJPAPF3PD10. ICO register №: ZA782876
>>>>>>> <https://ico.org.uk/ESDWebPages/Entry/ZA782876>. UK VAT №:
>>>>>>> GB378323867. EU VAT №: EU372013983. Turkish VAT №: 0861333524. South Korean
>>>>>>> VAT №: 522-80-03080. AS207960 Ewrop OÜ, having a registered office at
>>>>>>> Lääne-Viru maakond, Tapa vald, Porkuni küla, Lossi tn 1, 46001, trading as
>>>>>>> Glauca Digital, is a company registered in Estonia under № 16755226.
>>>>>>> Estonian VAT №: EE102625532. Glauca Digital and the Glauca logo are
>>>>>>> registered trademarks in the UK, under № UK00003718474 and № UK00003718468,
>>>>>>> respectively.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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>>>>>>> ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
>>>>>>> Ce message et ses pieces jointes peuvent contenir des informations confidentielles ou privilegiees et ne doivent donc
>>>>>>> pas etre diffuses, exploites ou copies sans autorisation. Si vous avez recu ce message par erreur, veuillez le signaler
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>>>>>>
>>>>>> --
>>>>>> Kazuho Oku
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Kazuho Oku
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>> --
>> Kazuho Oku
>>
>>
>>
>
> --
> Kazuho Oku
>