Re: [Lsr] Comments on draft-zhu-lsr-isis-sr-vtn-flexalgo-07

["Dongjie (Jimmy)" <[e-mail]>]

Hi Peter,

Please see inline:

From: Peter Psenak <[e-mail]>
Sent: Thursday, March 21, 2024 5:39 PM
To: Dongjie (Jimmy) <jie.dong=[e-mail]>; Les Ginsberg (ginsberg) <[e-mail]>; [e-mail]; [e-mail]
Subject: Re: [Lsr] Comments on draft-zhu-lsr-isis-sr-vtn-flexalgo-07

Hi Jie,

On 21/03/2024 02:34, Dongjie (Jimmy) wrote:
Hi Les,

Thanks for providing your opinion with an example.

In your example, the default IGP metric is used, which is normally calculated based on bandwidth. While Flex-Algo can support metric types such as TE metric and delay.

When Flex-Algo is used as the control plane of NRP, usually the metric types other than IGP metric would be used. We could add some notes about the selection of metric type to this document. In most cases per Flex-Algo metric type would not be needed.

Your proposal of making each member link an L3 link is an alternative solution, while that would bring back the problems we discussed during the L2 bundle standardization, and can impact the network stability and scalability.

Your second proposal (controller based path computation and construction) works for scenarios where strict TE-path SID-list is used to steer traffic into specific bundle member links on each hop, while traffic with Flex-Algo prefix SIDs will be mixed up and ECMP among the member links of the L3 interface.

So we do see there is a gap in using Flex-Algo to support NRP, and would like to hear feedbacks from the WG on possible solutions (including this one).

there is no gap in Flex-algo. Flex-algo is a routing concept and as such only works on L3 constructs. That will not change.

[Jie] Fully agree Flex-Algo is a routing concept and works on L3 control plane, while it shows a gap in how to map Flex-Algos to different subset of resources for network slicing. Currently traffic of different Flex-Algos would share the same set of resources on the L3 outgoing interfaces.

The problem is that you are trying to mix the routing (flex-algo) with the PHB/QOS. These are two different things.

You can achieve PHP/QOS by marking the packet and give it a necessary treatment you need at each hop, e.g. reserve certain bandwidth to it, or even reserve a L2 bundle for it if that's what you want.

[Jie] QoS PHB is per-hop behavior, which cannot provide end-to-end resource guarantee at NRP/Slice granularity. Consider the difference between DiffServ and IntServ. And within each NRP, QoS is still needed.

Reserving an L2 bundle member link for NRP is the approach proposed in this document.

Alternatively, you can classify the traffic at each hop using other mechanisms, but it becomes slow and problematic.

[Jie] Agree that per-hop traffic classification has many problems.

What you propose is to overwrite the routing decision and instead of using the L3 outgoing interface computed based on L3 information, you install the specific L2 bundle member out of such L3 interface in forwatding. It works, because by using the L2 member of the L3 interface the traffic is forwarded to the same next-hop as has been calculated by the L3 routing. Nobody can stop you doing that locally if you wish doing so. But there is absolutely nothing you need from the IETF to do this. There is no need to advertise anything to do what you describe, as this is all a local behavior of the node. There is no need to add a new E-bit, and there is not even a need to advertise affinities for the L2 bundle members.

[Jie] The distributed path computation is still based on the L3 links/interfaces, the change is in the forwarding entry installation. Thanks for confirming it works.

The advertisement of the L2bundle information is for the controller or ingress nodes to perform path computation based on NRP-specific constraints and can use Algo-specific SIDs together with bundle member Adj-SIDs in building the SID list, this aligns with the usage of L2 bundle and extends its applicability to Flex-Algo-specific SIDs.

The E bit is to indicate the L2 bundle is working in the exclusive mode (rather than load balancing), which means the Flex-Algo SIDs can be used to steer traffic to the corresponding member links.

Best regards,

Jie



I see no need for this draft.

thanks,
Peter





Best regards,
Jie

From: Les Ginsberg (ginsberg) <[e-mail]><mailto:[e-mail]>
Sent: Thursday, March 21, 2024 10:36 AM
To: Dongjie (Jimmy) <[e-mail]><mailto:[e-mail]>; [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>; [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-zhu-lsr-isis-sr-vtn-flexalgo-07


Jie -



Thanx for the quick response and confirming that my understanding of the intent of the draft is correct.



Making a routing decision when the full topology information is not provided as input to the Decision Process leads to incorrect or sub-optimal routing. Here is one simple example.

Consider the following simple topology (Layer 3 links):



    B

  /   \

A       D

 \   /

    C





All layer 3 links participate in Flex Algo 128.

On both B and C, the Layer 3 link to D is an L2 bundle and the total bandwidth of the bundle links are the same.

On link B-D, the L2 bundle member assigned to the NRP associated with flex algo 128 has 100 Mb of bandwidth.

On link C-D, the L2 bundle member assigned to the NRP associated with flex algo 128 has 1 GB of bandwidth.



The L3 SPF associated with algo 128 utilizes Layer 3 metric advertisements. Based on that, traffic from A to D will be equally balanced via B and C.

However, what you intend is that when algo 128 traffic is forwarded by B it will utilize a 100 Mb link – whereas when algo 128 traffic is forwarded by C it will utilize a 1 Gb link.

Clearly the ECMP traffic flow which is the output of the L3 SPF is sub-optimal.



How could this be fixed?



1)Do not use L2 bundles on B and C. Make each bundle member an L3 link and run IS-IS on the Layer 3 interfaces. In such a case different L3 metrics can be advertised for each L3 link and Flex Algo 128 can be associated only with the desired L3 link on C and D.

Standard flex-algo as defined in RFC 9350 works and requires no modifications.



2)Do not use L3 routing/flex algo. Define some other mechanism to mark packets in a way that the forwarding recognizes as mapping to the appropriate L2 link.

The L2 bundle advertisements provided by IS-IS as per RFC 8668 can be used by this (external to IS-IS) mechanism.

For example this mechanism could use the admin group advertised for each L2Bundle member to determine the mapping between an NRP and a link.

All of the functionality required is already defined in RFC 8668 – the only thing you need to define is this new mechanism – which is not part of IS-IS and therefore does not belong in an LSR draft.



NOTE: Please do not suggest that a different metric-type can be used for each Flex-Algo. Such an approach does not scale as it requires as many metric-types as Flex-Algos – which we do not have. 😊



What you MUST NOT do is use L3 routing to make a routing decision for a topology which is not part of the input to the routing decision process. But that is exactly what you are proposing in this draft.



Hope this example is clear.



As regards the clarity of Section 4, that section simply says (using the SR-MPLS text):



“A forwarding entry MUST be installed in the forwarding plane using the MPLS label that corresponds to the Prefix-SID associated with the Flex-algorithm corresponding to the NRP.”



But this entry must have next hops which include only the L2 links associated with the NRP mapped to Flex-algo 128. How this is done is not described – but as it requires using information advertised in the L2 Bundle Member Descriptors this clearly cannot be done by IS-IS w/o violating RFC 8668. IS-IS will simply attempt to install a forwarding entry based on the L3 topology – which will indicate to use the L3 link. How this forwarding entry is discarded/overwritten is not specified. But, this is a problem which should never need to be solved.



   Les







> -----Original Message-----

> From: Dongjie (Jimmy) <[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>>

> Sent: Wednesday, March 20, 2024 4:30 PM

> To: Les Ginsberg (ginsberg) <[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>>; [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>; draft-zhu-lsr-

> [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>

> Subject: RE: Comments on draft-zhu-lsr-isis-sr-vtn-flexalgo-07

>

> Hi Les,

>

> Thanks for the review and comments.

>

> Please see some replies inline:

>

> > -----Original Message-----

> > From: Les Ginsberg (ginsberg) <[e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>>

> > Sent: Thursday, March 21, 2024 7:32 AM

> > To: [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>; [e-mail]<mailto:[e-mail]>

> > Subject: Comments on draft-zhu-lsr-isis-sr-vtn-flexalgo-07

> >

> > This draft discusses how to use flex-algo in support of Network Resource

> > Partitions (NRPs). In particular, it proposes to use a combination of L3 links

> and

> > L2 Bundle member links as the topology associated with a given NRP. In

> those

> > cases where an L3 link is using an L2 bundle and individual bundle members

> > are "assigned" to different NRPs, it then proposes to associate the parent L3

> > link with multiple flex-algos. The intent seems to be to utilize the L3 algo

> > specific SIDs to assign the traffic to subsets of the L2 Bundle members.

>

> Your reading of the intent of this document is correct.

>

> With the proposed mechanism, traffic with Flex-Algo specific SIDs could be

> steered to different partitions of the L3 link resources.

>

> The only thing I'd like to mention is the L2 bundle members could be virtual or

> physical, they are just used to represent different subsets of the link resources.

>

>

> > This is extremely problematic.

> >

> > The output of the L3 algo-specific SPF will be to install nexthops pointing to

> the

> > L3 interface for packets which arrive with the L3 algo specific SID. But since

> the

> > intent is to only forward traffic for a given algo specific SID via specific L2

> > Bundle members, the L3 forwarding entries will have to be overwritten - in a

> > manner not specified by the draft.

>

> Section 4 of this document specifies the required forwarding plane behavior

> and the forwarding entry installation.

>

>

> > The implementation complexities this introduces arise because the proposed

> > solution attempts to use a Layer 3 technology (flex-algo) to control the use

> of

> > L2 links. This should not be done.

>

> In the proposed mechanism, Flex-Algo is still used for constraint path

> computation, and only the L3 links attributes are used in the computation. The

> L2 member links are only to partition the resources used by different Flex-Algo

> traffic.

>

>

> > Indeed, even independent of flex-algo, trying to use a Layer 3 routing

> protocol

> > to control traffic flow on an L2 sub-topology is broken.

> > It means that the L2 bundles have been improperly defined for use by the L3

> > routing protocol.

>

> There is no routing computation based on the "L2 sub-topology", as L2 bundle

> member links are not visible in the L3DB. All the Flex-Algo computation is

> based on the attributes of L3 links.

>

>

> > RFC 8668 defines the advertisements of L2 Bundle member link attributes by

> > IS-IS. The introduction of RFC 8668 states:

> >

> > "...the new advertisements defined in this document are intended to be

> > provided to external (to IS-IS) entities."

> >

> > This means these advertisements are not to be used by the routing protocol

> > itself. The association of these advertisements with the Layer 3 SIDs defined

> by

> > Flex-Algo is a clear violation of the intended use as stated by RFC 8668.

>

> As stated above, L2 bundle link attributes are not used in path computation.

> The Flex-Algo specific SIDs still point to the L3 interface based on that

> computation. The only change is that a Flex-Algo SID can further points to the

> resource of an L2 member link (consider it as a subset of the resource of the L3

> link if that is easier to understand). So the L2 bundle information is only used

> for associating different Flex-Algo SIDs with different subsets of resources of a

> l3 link.

>

>

> > This draft should be abandoned.

> >

> > NOTE: None of the points above should be interpreted to mean that flex-

> algo

> > cannot be used in support of NRPs. (Whether that is a good idea or not is

> out

> > of scope for this discussion).

>

> AFAIK people are talking about using Flex-Algo to support NRPs. This

> document provides a solution to meet their needs.

>

>

> > But the proper way to do that is when the NRP maps to an L3 topology. Such

> a

> > usage is fully supported by RFC 9350 and there is no need to write an

> > additional document to define how this is to be done.

>

> In some cases it is possible to map different NRPs to non-overlapping L3 sub-

> topologies, while in many other cases the same L3 link needs to participate in

> multiple NRPs, each of which is assigned with a subset of the link resources.

> The latter case cannot be supported by RFC 9350, and it is the target of this

> document.

>

>

> > In cases where an NRP maps to an L2 topology, some other mechanism

> needs

> > to be defined as to how forwarding entries for a given NRP are determined

> and

> > installed. Such a mechanism would qualify as "external to IS-IS" and

> therefore

> > could make use of RFC 8668 advertisements.

>

> This document also provides descriptions about this. As I mentioned it is after

> L3 computation, and makes use of the L2 bundle information.

>

>

> > But attempts to utilize the Layer 3 Flex-Algo technology to control traffic flow

> > in an L2 topology are misguided and flawed.

>

> As long as Flex-Algo is used for L3 topology based computation, IMO it still

> complies to RFC 9350.

>

> Best regards,

> Jie (on behalf of coauthors)

>

> >

> >    Les





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