[Newsclips] IETF SYN-ACK Newspack 2023-12-11

[David Goldstein <[e-mail]>]

The IETF SYN-ACK Newspack collects IETF-related items from a variety of news outlets and other online publications. They do not represent the views of the IETF and are not checked for factual accuracy.

 

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IETF IN THE NEWS

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Measurement and Analysis of Protocols at IETF 118

The IETF met in Prague in the first week of November 2023. I attended the meeting of the Measurement and Analysis of Protocols Research Group, and here are my impressions from that meeting.

< <https://www.potaroo.net/ispcol/2023-12/maprg-ietf118.html> https://www.potaroo.net/ispcol/2023-12/maprg-ietf118.html>

 

CENTR Report on IETF118

The 118th IETF meeting took place in Prague between 4 and 10 November 2023, with more than 176 sessions, a 2-day hackathon and various side events. Marco Davids from SIDN Labs attended the meeting and has written a summary of the main points of relevance for CENTR members.

< <https://centr.org/news/news/ietf-118.html> https://centr.org/news/news/ietf-118.html>

 

Tech Talk: Talking Tech with Mallory Knodel and Niels ten Oever On Inclusive Language in Internet Standards

Back in 2018, CDT’s own, Mallory Knodel, teamed up with CDT Non-Resident Fellow Niels ten Oever from the critical infrastructure lab at the University of Amsterdam to present a draft document at the internet standards governing body called the IETF. This draft outlined a proposal that urged the community to officially reject the use of discriminatory and exclusive language in Internet Drafts and RFCs. As we persistently uncover and confront systemic racial inequality across society, it becomes equally vital to guarantee that the fundamental design comprising one of our most critical and democratic technologies – the internet – is devoid of any historically racist or prejudiced terms.

< <https://cdt.org/insights/tech-talk-talking-tech-with-mallory-knodel-and-niels-ten-oever-on-inclusive-language-in-internet-standards/> https://cdt.org/insights/tech-talk-talking-tech-with-mallory-knodel-and-niels-ten-oever-on-inclusive-language-in-internet-standards/>

 

Building end-to-end security for Messenger

... 1. Confidentiality in transit: Message contents are authentically and securely transmitted between your devices and those of the people you’re talking to. This is, perhaps, the primary goal of E2EE, and is where much E2EE research and design work is targeted, such as the Signal protocol we use in our products (such as WhatsApp, Messenger, and Instagram Direct), or the IETF’s Messaging Layer Security protocol, which we helped to design and was recently standardized.

< <https://engineering.fb.com/2023/12/06/security/building-end-to-end-security-for-messenger/> https://engineering.fb.com/2023/12/06/security/building-end-to-end-security-for-messenger/>

 

Interoperability in IoT Ecosystems: Navigating Challenges and Strategies

... Strategies for Ensuring Interoperability: Adopting Universal Standards and Protocols: Developing and adopting universal standards and protocols is crucial. This includes efforts by organizations like the IEEE, IETF, and ISO to create and promote widely accepted standards.

< <https://iotbusinessnews.com/2023/12/08/00545-interoperability-in-iot-ecosystems-navigating-challenges-and-strategies/> https://iotbusinessnews.com/2023/12/08/00545-interoperability-in-iot-ecosystems-navigating-challenges-and-strategies/>

 

Expectations for UK ISPs as Ofcom Move to Tackle Internet Porn

[comment] ... The IETF discussed an option to disclose credentials securely at its meeting last month. The proposed working group (currently called “spice”) would develop a protocol to allow selected information to be disclosed, consistent with data minimisation techniques.

< <https://www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2023/12/expectations-for-uk-isps-as-ofcom-move-to-tackle-internet-porn.html> https://www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2023/12/expectations-for-uk-isps-as-ofcom-move-to-tackle-internet-porn.html>

 

GnuPG-Gründer startet OpenPGP-Fork [GnuPG Founder Launches OpenPGP Fork]

Der Hauptentwickler und Betreuer des freien Verschlüsselungs- und Signaturwerkzeugs GnuPG, Werner Koch, hat mit LibrePGP eine Art Fork der OpenPGP-Spezifikation initiiert. Grund dafür ist offenbar ein Streit innerhalb der IETF über die Weiterentwicklung des OpenPGP-Standards, wie LWN berichtet. Darin werden die Vorgänge gar als Spaltung der OpenPGP-Welt beschrieben, was angesichts künftiger mehrerer möglicher Spezifikationen und nur schlecht interoperablen Implementierungen nicht übertrieben sein dürfte.

< <https://www.golem.de/news/librepgp-gnupg-gruender-startet-openpgp-fork-2312-180159.html> https://www.golem.de/news/librepgp-gnupg-gruender-startet-openpgp-fork-2312-180159.html>

 

Meta commence enfin à déployer le chiffrement de bout en bout par défaut pour Messenger [Meta finally starts deploying end-to-end encryption for Messenger]

... 1. Confidentialité en transit: Le contenu des messages est transmis de manière authentique et sécurisée entre vos appareils et ceux de vos interlocuteurs. C'est peut-être l'objectif principal de l'E2EE, et c'est là que se concentre une grande partie de la recherche et du travail de conception de l'E2EE, comme le protocole Signal que Meta utilise dans ses produits (tels que WhatsApp, Messenger et Instagram Direct), ou le protocole Messaging Layer Security de l'IETF, que l'entreprise a contribué à concevoir et qui a été récemment normalisé.

< <https://securite.developpez.com/actu/351633/Meta-commence-enfin-a-deployer-le-chiffrement-de-bout-en-bout-par-defaut-pour-Messenger-rendant-ainsi-les-messages-personnels-uniquement-accessibles-a-l-expediteur-et-aux-destinataires-prevus/> https://securite.developpez.com/actu/351633/Meta-commence-enfin-a-deployer-le-chiffrement-de-bout-en-bout-par-defaut-pour-Messenger-rendant-ainsi-les-messages-personnels-uniquement-accessibles-a-l-expediteur-et-aux-destinataires-prevus/>

 

Internet no es libre y hay reglas: este es el organismo que lo controla [The Internet is not free and there are rules: this is the body that controls it]

Internet supuso una revolución comparable con la industrial y la electricidad, igual que ahora la inteligencia artificial parece que cambiará al mismo nivel el mundo. Pero bajo esa apariencia de descentralización y libertad hay una realidad de control y regulación como el de cualquier organismo. Se llama IETF.

< <https://www.businessinsider.es/internet-no-libre-reglas-organismo-controla-1345562> https://www.businessinsider.es/internet-no-libre-reglas-organismo-controla-1345562>

< <https://www.msn.com/es-es/noticias/tecnologia/internet-no-es-libre-y-hay-reglas-este-es-el-organismo-que-lo-controla/ar-AA1lhgbB> https://www.msn.com/es-es/noticias/tecnologia/internet-no-es-libre-y-hay-reglas-este-es-el-organismo-que-lo-controla/ar-AA1lhgbB>

 

Zabezpečení nejdůležitější části nervové soustavy Internetu je tristní [The security of the most important part of the nervous system of the Internet is dismal]

... Mezi tím bylo stále zjevnější, že algoritmus MD5 je poměrně snadné obejít. Poprvé se to podařilo údajně někdy v roce 1995, v roce 2012 se situace dostala do takového stavu, že už to bylo možné zvládat v reálném čase s výkonem průměrného stolního počítače. Samozřejmě ani IETF nespal a přišel s návrhem TCP Authentication Options, zkráceně TCP-AO.

< <https://www.lupa.cz/market-voice/zabezpeceni-nejdulezitejsi-casti-nervove-soustavy-internetu-je-tristni/> https://www.lupa.cz/market-voice/zabezpeceni-nejdulezitejsi-casti-nervove-soustavy-internetu-je-tristni/>

 

Цензуроустойчивая система доменных имён GNS получила статус предложенного стандарта [Censorship-Resistant Domain Name System (GNS) Receives Status of Proposed Standard]

Комитет IETF, занимающийся развитием протоколов и архитектуры интернета, завершил формирование RFC для системы доменных имён GNS (GNU Name System), развиваемой проектом GNUnet в качестве полностью децентрализованной и недоступной для цензуры замены DNS. Спецификация, опубликованная как RFC-9498, получила статус "Предложенного стандарта". Полностью соответствующая опубликованному RFC реализация GNS входит в состав платформы GNUnet 0.20.0 и дополнительно доступна в кодовой базе проекта GNUnet-Go.

< <https://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=60162> https://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=60162>

 

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IETF COMMUNITY NOTES

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IETF Administration LLC 2024 Draft Budget

The IETF Administration LLC has prepared its draft budget for 2024 and now seeks community feedback.

< <https://www.ietf.org/blog/ietf-administration-llc-2024-draft-budget/> https://www.ietf.org/blog/ietf-administration-llc-2024-draft-budget/>

 

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SECURITY & PRIVACY

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The Zen Guide to Routing Security Policy

The Zen Guide to Routing Security Policy is a comprehensive approach designed to enhance the security and integrity of government network routing infrastructure using BGP.

< <https://www.manrs.org/2023/12/the-zen-guide-to-routing-security-policy/> https://www.manrs.org/2023/12/the-zen-guide-to-routing-security-policy/>

 

CISA Urges Software Developers to Prioritize Memory Safe Coding

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency is urging software developers to implement memory safe coding as part of an effort to address critical vulnerabilities in programming languages and further shift security responsibilities away from end users.

< <https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/cisa-urges-software-developers-to-prioritize-memory-safe-coding-a-23796> https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/cisa-urges-software-developers-to-prioritize-memory-safe-coding-a-23796>

 

AI Networks Are More Vulnerable to Malicious Attacks Than Previously Thought

Artificial intelligence tools hold promise for applications ranging from autonomous vehicles to the interpretation of medical images. However, a new study finds these AI tools are more vulnerable than previously thought to targeted attacks that effectively force AI systems to make bad decisions.

< <https://news.ncsu.edu/2023/12/detecting-ai-network-vulnerability/> https://news.ncsu.edu/2023/12/detecting-ai-network-vulnerability/>

 

Artificial Intelligence is a Top Priority for Tech Leaders in 2024: AI will improve cybersecurity they said in IEEE survey

With all the concern surrounding artificial intelligence, it’s no surprise that top tech leaders surveyed by IEEE chose AI as the most important technology for 2024.

< <https://spectrum.ieee.org/top-tech-priority-2024> https://spectrum.ieee.org/top-tech-priority-2024>

 

NCCoE 5G Cybersecurity: Connecting the Dots Between IT and Teleco Cybersecurity Capabilities in 5G Systems

5G will eventually impact every single industry—from healthcare to financial to even agriculture and transportation...and its impact is only increasing over time. Despite its benefits, it comes with privacy and security risks. An increasing number of interconnected devices increases the attack surface. In addition, there are also increased supply chain vulnerabilities and network visibility issues (companies may have issues identifying attacks since there may be a lot of new web traffic from mobile devices and/or more sophistication when it comes to attacks).

< <https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/nccoe-5g-cybersecurity-connecting-dots-between-it-and-teleco> https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/nccoe-5g-cybersecurity-connecting-dots-between-it-and-teleco>

 

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INTERNET OF THINGS

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Biden Administration Targets Internet of Things Security Protocols

The Office of Management and Budget recently told all federal agencies that by the end of fiscal 2024 an inventory of Internet of Things (IoT) assets must be created.

< <https://www.rfidjournal.com/biden-administration-targets-internet-of-things-security-protocols> https://www.rfidjournal.com/biden-administration-targets-internet-of-things-security-protocols>

 

Enhanced Web of Things connects diverse IoT ecosystems

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) announced today that Web of Things (WoT) Architecture 1.1, Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description 1.1, and Web of Things (WoT) Discovery are now official W3C Recommendations. Without breaking compatibility with the first release in 2020, these new W3C Recommendations improve and expand the scope of the Web of Things and add significant new functionality. In addition, two supporting W3C Notes have been updated, the Web of Things (WoT) Binding Templates and the Web of Things (WoT) Scripting API.

< <https://www.w3.org/press-releases/2023/enhanced-web-of-things-connects-diverse-iot-ecosystems/> https://www.w3.org/press-releases/2023/enhanced-web-of-things-connects-diverse-iot-ecosystems/>

 

W3C Web of Things 1.1 specifications are W3C Recommendations

The Web of Things Working Group published today three W3C Recommendations and recently updated supporting W3C Notes, thus enhancing with new functionalities the standards that enable interoperability across IoT platforms and application domains:

< <https://www.w3.org/news/2023/w3c-web-of-things-1-1-specifications-are-w3c-recommendations/> https://www.w3.org/news/2023/w3c-web-of-things-1-1-specifications-are-w3c-recommendations/>

 

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QUANTUM NETWORKING

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EU launches new pact on quantum technologies

To ensure the EU’s leading role in quantum technologies, the Spanish Presidency coordinated a joint declaration on quantum technology on Tuesday (5 December) which was welcomed by the Commission on Wednesday.

< <https://www.euractiv.com/section/industrial-strategy/news/eu-launches-new-pact-on-quantum-technologies/> https://www.euractiv.com/section/industrial-strategy/news/eu-launches-new-pact-on-quantum-technologies/>

 

European Commission welcomes Spanish Presidency declaration to strengthen collaboration on quantum technologies

Yesterday, in the presence of European Commissioner for Internal Market Thierry Breton, the Spanish Presidency issued a declaration to strengthen collaboration among Member States and with the Commission on the development of a world-class quantum technology ecosystem across Europe.

< <https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/european-commission-welcomes-spanish-presidency-declaration-strengthen-collaboration-quantum> https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/european-commission-welcomes-spanish-presidency-declaration-strengthen-collaboration-quantum>

 

EU launches new pact on quantum technologies

To ensure the EU’s leading role in quantum technologies, the Spanish Presidency coordinated a joint declaration on quantum technology on Wednesday (6 December).

< <https://www.euractiv.com/section/industrial-strategy/news/eu-launches-new-pact-on-quantum-technologies/> https://www.euractiv.com/section/industrial-strategy/news/eu-launches-new-pact-on-quantum-technologies/>

 

EPB's Quantum Network Project Adds Their First Customer For Quantum Collaboration

EPB Quantum Network powered by Qubitekk today announced that it will host Qunnect, a leader in quantum-secure networking technology, for a series of on-site collaborative validation runs.

< <https://www.chattanoogapulse.com/citylife/science-technology/epb-s-quantum-network-project-adds-their-first-customer-for-/> https://www.chattanoogapulse.com/citylife/science-technology/epb-s-quantum-network-project-adds-their-first-customer-for-/>

 

Startup Funding: November 2023

... Nu Quantum received £7.0M (~$8.6M) in a pre-Series A round led by Amadeus Capital Partners, Expeditions Fund, and IQ Capital, joined by previous investors Ahren Capital, Seraphim Capital, University of Cambridge, Martlet Capital, and new investors Presidio Ventures, the National Security Strategic Investment Fund, and Deeptech Labs. Nu Quantum is building quantum networking infrastructure.

< <https://semiengineering.com/startup-funding-november-2023/> https://semiengineering.com/startup-funding-november-2023/>

 

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OTHERWISE NOTEWORTHY

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3GPP at 25 - Grown-up, still living at home

On December 4, 2023 we celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the signing of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project Agreement, which followed on from discussions between Asia, Europe and North America’s telecommunications standards bodies around a “Partnership Project Description”, containing the basic principles and ideas on which the project is based.

< <https://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/3gpp-25> https://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/3gpp-25>

 

3GPP Commits to Develop 6G Specifications

With its work on 3G, 4G and 5G specifications used by billions of communications services consumers globally, 3GPP stands ready to create the 6G future.

< <https://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/partner-pr-6g> https://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/partner-pr-6g>

 

3GPP commits to develop 6G specifications

The 3GPP organizational partners ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA and TTC said the body would begin planning for 6G specifications.

< <https://www.rcrwireless.com/20231206/6g/gpp-commits-develop-6g-specifications> https://www.rcrwireless.com/20231206/6g/gpp-commits-develop-6g-specifications>

 

3GPP to Consider Ambient IoT in December Vote

Mobile broadband standards group 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is preparing to vote on its next generation broadband standard this month, with a variety of new features and upgrades that could include Internet of Things (IoT) functionality.

< <https://www.rfidjournal.com/3gpp-to-consider-ambient-iot-in-december-vote> https://www.rfidjournal.com/3gpp-to-consider-ambient-iot-in-december-vote>

 

3GPP, Apple eye 6G as ITU releases standards development framework

Telecom and technology companies have pressed into action to address the 6G technology companies have pressed into action to address the 6G technology close on the heels of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) releasing a framework for the development of standards and radio interface technologies for the sixth-generation of mobile systems.

< <https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/3gpp-apple-eye-6g-as-itu-releases-standards-development-framework/105752261> https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/3gpp-apple-eye-6g-as-itu-releases-standards-development-framework/105752261>

 

Open standards can deliver value-added services and business quality to consumers

The smart home is in a constant flux of change. Broadband service providers (BSPs) need to remain agile to effectively deliver high-quality connectivity to every corner of the home. Competition in the market is rife, and as such BSPs are continually looking to innovate and adopt new practices to remain both competitive and profitable.

< <https://www.broadband-forum.org/open-standards-can-deliver-value-added-services-and-business-quality-to-consumers> https://www.broadband-forum.org/open-standards-can-deliver-value-added-services-and-business-quality-to-consumers>

 

10G-EPON vs. XGS-PON: Are They Really All That Different?

The U.S. government is investing billions of dollars in broadband infrastructure. That funding will predominately be used to deploy fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) networks using passive optical network (PON) technology. Most U.S. broadband providers are focused on deploying a 10G variant of PON technology, and two types are widely available in the market today: 10G-EPON and XGS-PON. The similarities between these two solutions far outnumber the differences. Most importantly, both technologies support the same peak capacities in the upstream and downstream, and both are equally capable of supporting symmetrical, multi-gigabit services to the household or business.

< <https://www.cablelabs.com/blog/10g-epon-vs-xgs-pon> https://www.cablelabs.com/blog/10g-epon-vs-xgs-pon>

 

The quiet plan to make the internet feel faster

Engineers and major companies are pushing a technology called L4S that they say could make the web feel dramatically faster. But how?

< <https://www.theverge.com/23655762/l4s-internet-apple-comcast-latency-speed-bandwidth> https://www.theverge.com/23655762/l4s-internet-apple-comcast-latency-speed-bandwidth>

< <https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/the-quiet-plan-to-make-the-internet-feel-faster/ar-AA1lfDq3> https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/the-quiet-plan-to-make-the-internet-feel-faster/ar-AA1lfDq3>

 

Why Li-Fi Might be Better than Wi-Fi: An expert on IEEE’s new standard weighs in

The recent adoption of IEEE 802.11bb has launched light fidelity, or Li-Fi, which opened the door into an era of wireless communication for advanced Wi-Fi technologies. Li-Fi enables Wi-Fi to use light waves instead of radio waves to transmit and receive data.

< <https://spectrum.ieee.org/li-fi-better-than-wi-fi> https://spectrum.ieee.org/li-fi-better-than-wi-fi>

 

Envisaging inclusive digital economies and societies

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.3 billion people experience significant disability. Essentially, this means one in six people require special consideration when it comes to technology and policy.

< <https://www.itu.int/hub/2023/12/envisaging-inclusive-digital-economies-and-societies/> https://www.itu.int/hub/2023/12/envisaging-inclusive-digital-economies-and-societies/>

 

Using timestamps inside RPKI objects to optimize RRDP-RSYNC transport switchovers

RPKI data can be transported in two ways — an HTTPS-based distribution protocol called RRDP, and via RSYNC. Each transportation mode has unique advantages and downsides, with RSYNC serving as the backup for RRDP. In this article, I’ll explain an idea and provide pointers to running code, on how to optimize the RRDP-RSYNC failover process. This proposed optimization helps reduce bandwidth and CPU cycles consumed for both the server and the client.

< <https://blog.apnic.net/2023/12/04/using-timestamps-inside-rpki-objects-to-optimize-rrdp-rsync-transport-switchovers/> https://blog.apnic.net/2023/12/04/using-timestamps-inside-rpki-objects-to-optimize-rrdp-rsync-transport-switchovers/>

< <https://labs.ripe.net/author/job_snijders/using-timestamps-inside-rpki-objects-to-optimise-rrdp-rsync-transport-switchovers/> https://labs.ripe.net/author/job_snijders/using-timestamps-inside-rpki-objects-to-optimise-rrdp-rsync-transport-switchovers/>

 

The RIPE Chair Team Reports - Highlights from RIPE 87

RIPE 87 in Rome was yet another engaging, productive, highly memorable RIPE Meeting. The RIPE Chair Team reports on how it all went.

< <https://labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam_kuhne/the-ripe-chair-team-reports-highlights-from-ripe-87/> https://labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam_kuhne/the-ripe-chair-team-reports-highlights-from-ripe-87/>

 

Unpopular opinion: BGP should accept smaller than a /24

For years, we have heard of the depletion of the pool of available IPv4 address space on the Internet. At the same time, more and more networks are coming online. Out of these new networks, we have an ever-increasing number wanting to participate in BGP routing. This can be for several reasons.

< <https://blog.apnic.net/2023/12/06/unpopular-opinion-bgp-should-accept-smaller-than-a-24/> https://blog.apnic.net/2023/12/06/unpopular-opinion-bgp-should-accept-smaller-than-a-24/>

 

Afnic publishes a tutorial on SPF, DKIM and DMARC as free software to secure emails

Afnic, the registry for .fr Internet domain names, has published a tutorial to encourage the use of SPF, DKIM and DMARC authentication methods, based on the DNS. The objective is to prevent the risks associated with email (spam, phishing, etc.).

< <https://www.afnic.fr/en/observatory-and-resources/news/afnic-publishes-a-tutorial-on-spf-dkim-and-dmarc-as-free-software-to-secure-users-emails/> https://www.afnic.fr/en/observatory-and-resources/news/afnic-publishes-a-tutorial-on-spf-dkim-and-dmarc-as-free-software-to-secure-users-emails/>

 

Keynote: Vint Cerf, Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist, Google

Vinton G. Cerf is vice president and Chief Internet Evangelist for Google. He is the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and the architecture of the Internet. He has served in executive positions at ICANN, the Internet Society, MCI, the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

< <https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/ieee-future-networks/keynote-vint-cerf-vice-president-and-chief-internet-evangelist-google> https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/ieee-future-networks/keynote-vint-cerf-vice-president-and-chief-internet-evangelist-google>

 

‘Body internet’ may eliminate the need for smartphones by changing how we use technology

What if the end of the smartphone era is caused by the ability to use your skin — instead of a screen or even voice commands — to interface with the internet? Or by using your mind to control devices without looking at them?

< <https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2023/Q4/body-internet-may-eliminate-the-need-for-smartphones-by-changing-how-we-use-technology.html> https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2023/Q4/body-internet-may-eliminate-the-need-for-smartphones-by-changing-how-we-use-technology.html>

 

Zahlen, bitte! RFC 439 und ein Geburtstagsständchen für das Arpanet [Pay, please! RFC 439 and a birthday serenal for the Arpanet]

Anfang Dezember 2023 vermeldete unser heise online Newsticker, dass das von Joe Weizenbaum entwickelte Chatprogramm Eliza im Antwortduell mit GPT-3.5 gewann. Es konnte im Sinne des Turing-Tests mehr befragte Testpersonen davon überzeugen, ein Mensch und keine Maschine zu sein.

< <https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Zahlen-bitte-RFC-439-und-ein-Geburtstagsstaendchen-fuer-das-Arpanet-9548721.html> https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Zahlen-bitte-RFC-439-und-ein-Geburtstagsstaendchen-fuer-das-Arpanet-9548721.html>

------

David Goldstein

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