Re: Implicitly opened streams and exposing stream IDs

[Mikkel Fahnøe Jørgensen <[e-mail]>]

Say you deal with 10K outbound bidi streams.
As Martin suggests, you can make this heavily concurrent and also reserve
certain patterns for certain use.

With implicit bi-directional streams you must be prepared to handle
connection state for all 10K streams that is supposed to be started by you.
You cannot create an error if you receive data, at least not at transport
level, so you must open and track state. This in turn will limit you number
of streams you are willing to handle at once, or force you to split streams
into linked uni-streams.

Further, there might be zero application logic that understands what data
on such a stream means so when an unfortunate subsystem decides to open a
stream, it has to ponder whatever the data already pending on that stream
means.

Opening strictly in order (whether required or not) reduces those problems,
but it also severely constrains the application. For example you cannot
send a stream id internally to a subsystem and ask it to produce data once
ready to do so. You need to invent a complex mapping that is difficult to
coordinate in a distributed system. It is much simpler to deal with the
stream id’s directly. With multi-path you could even have multiple hosts
managing a single connection, and if not, you could still do it with proper
address mapping.

So implicit streams and strict opening order might simplify very simple
problems, but also make very hard problems even harder.

Also, the entire idea of linearising QUIC seems to go against the spirit of
independent non-blocking streams.

Still, having a maximum stream ID is very useful in limiting the resources
that must be managed.

Mikkel

On 3 April 2018 at 09.28.38, Martin Thomson ([e-mail])
wrote:

Requiring in-order opening is harder than it sounds. Say you have a
multithreaded application that is initiating requests. The usual
process is something like:

s = connection.OpenStream()
s.Write(request.Headers.Encode())

That is, there is time between acquisition of the stream and its use.
Do that with enough concurrency and you end up having to add late
binding of stream identifiers to streams, which complicates the design
of the stack considerably. It also complicates usage because now
there is a period where s.Id() returns an undefined result.

Alternatively, you could track the highest stream ID on which data has
been sent and send an empty, offset 0 STREAM frame rather than create
a gap.

Or, you could decide that a MUST here is unenforceable (even more so
than the flow control limits one) and just wantonly ignore that
requirement if this race condition happens. While it is in theory
possible to catch someone in a violation, it requires some interesting
conditions (like zero packet loss).

BTW, I also wish to make it possible to avoid relying on specific
stream IDs for special functions. I hadn't considered opening order
as a way to do that though and had assumed that we'd use an in-stream
header for that. I don't think that makes the complexity worse, or at
least no worse than having to deal with different frame types for
different functions.


On Tue, Apr 3, 2018 at 5:10 PM, Marten Seemann <[e-mail]>
wrote:
> Hello,
>
> Sure, the application could deal with it by starting every stream with
some
> kind of header, to signal what kind of stream type this is. I'm not sure
if
> I like this solution, since it creates additional complexity, and it is
only
> necessary because we removed a useful feature from the spec.
> What did we actually gain from removing implicit stream opening from the
> protocol? As far as I can see, we were able to relax the requirement
> "endpoints MUST open the send side of streams for each type in order" to
> "endpoints SHOULD open the send side of streams for each type in order".
> This might seem nice from a conceptual viewpoint, but honestly, I don't
> really see why anyone would actually want to do this. I think the main
> argument against the MUST was that it's not enforceable anyway, but this
> applies to a lot of other MUSTs in the spec as well (e.g. that flow
control
> limits can't be decreased).
>
> The fix for this is straightforward: We should REQUIRE a peer to open
> streams in order. How the receiver handles out of order streams then is
an
> implementation and API decision. I see two ways that an implementation
could
> reasonably deal with this:
>
> Return streams in the order they are received, e.g. return N+4 before N,
if
> packets are reordered.
> Return streams ordered by stream ID, i.e. return first N and then N+4 if
a
> frame for N+4 is received.
>
> This way, we wouldn't need to reintroduce implicitly opened streams, but
> leave this up to implementations. I should have named this thread
> differently, if only I had realized this earlier ;)
>
> Regards,
> Marten
>
> On Mon, Apr 2, 2018 at 7:05 PM Lucas Pardue <[e-mail]>
wrote:
>>
>> Hi Marten,
>>
>> Would Stream headers fix this problem? I.e. anything that requires
special
>> behaviour other than "bulk data" has some bytes of of magic at the start
of
>> the stream.
>>
>> Regards
>> Lucas
>> ________________________________________
>> From: QUIC [[e-mail]] on behalf of Marten Seemann
>> [[e-mail]]
>> Sent: 02 April 2018 12:43
>> To: QUIC WG
>> Subject: Implicitly opened streams and exposing stream IDs
>>
>> Recently, the implicit opening of streams (i.e. that when a receiver
>> receives a frame for stream N+4, it can assume that stream N was already
>> opened, but the packet might have been reordered) was removed from the
>> draft. I think this change has some consequences that we haven't
discussed
>> so far.
>>
>> For the purpose of writing some pseudocode, I'm assuming a QUIC API that
>> provides an AcceptStream() method, but the conclusions will be the same
for
>> a callback-based API.
>>
>> * If QUIC has implicit stream opening, AcceptStream() would return the
>> streams in order (and if a frame opening stream N+4 is received before
>> stream n is opened, AcceptStream() will first return stream N and then
>> stream N+4).
>> * Without implicit stream opening, AcceptStream() just returns
>> whatever stream is received first. Streams might be returned in
arbitrary
>> order, if the peer doesn't open streams consecutively or if packets are
>> reordered.
>>
>> Now imagine an application protocol where the first unidirectional
stream
>> opened by the client is a control stream, and all higher unidirectional
>> streams are data streams. The application on the server side needs to
find
>> out which stream is the control stream, because it needs to be handled
>> separately.
>>
>> With implicit stream opening, the server code would be:
>>
>> control_stream = AcceptStream() // is guaranteed to open the first
>> stream
>> // handle the control stream
>> while true:
>> stream = AcceptStream()
>> // handle the data stream
>>
>> and without implicit stream opening:
>>
>> while true:
>> stream = AcceptStream()
>> if stream.ID() == kControlStreamID:
>> // handle the control stream
>> else:
>> // handle the data stream
>>
>> In this case, after accepting a stream, we first have to check the
stream
>> ID, since there's no guarantee if the control stream will actually be
>> received first.
>>
>> For this stream mapping, it seems like the removal of implicitly opened
>> streams implies that QUIC has to expose stream IDs to the application
layer.
>> I'm not sure if this was intended when making the change, especially
since
>> we're considering to change HQ such that it doesn't rely on QUIC stream
IDs
>> any more.
>> We only manage to avoid the problem described here in our HTTP mapping,
>> because the HTTP control streams are unidirectional and the request
streams
>> are bidirectional, and can therefore be told apart by their
directionality.
>> However, as a general transport protocol, other applications built on
top of
>> QUIC will have to find some way to deal with it.
>>
>>
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