Re: [Bier] WG adoption call for draft-chen-bier-frr-02

[Michael Menth <[e-mail]>]

Hi Greg,

if the BFR-NBR is forward-connected, there should be some failure
notification mechanism in place whose functionality may be re-used
somehow. If the BFR-NBR is forward-routed, I am not sure whether its
reachability is monitored. I thought there is some draft onf bier-bfd
which does the job? I haven't looked into its details.

Best wishes,

Michael

Am 22.03.2021 um 16:13 schrieb Greg Mirsky:
> Hi Michael,
> I have a question to what you see BIER-specific in detecting a failure
> in the network for the local protection:
> 
>     We still need some BIER-FRR in this case:
>     1) Recognize the failure
> 
> I think that the ability of OAM to exercise the specific path in the end
> nodes is limited and might not be generally expected. As noted in RFC
> 5880 for BFD:
> 
>        ... a protocol intended to detect faults in the
>        bidirectional path between two forwarding engines, including
>        interfaces, data link(s), and to the extent possible the forwarding
>        engines themselves ...
> 
> I think that detecting BIER failure between BIER neighbors is no
> different from detecting the failure between these nodes in the underlay
> network.
> 
> Regards,
> Greg
> 
> On Mon, Mar 22, 2021 at 6:40 AM Michael Menth <[e-mail]
> <mailto:[e-mail]>> wrote:
> 
>     Hi Jeffrey, all,
> 
>     Am 22.03.2021 um 14:21 schrieb Jeffrey (Zhaohui) Zhang:
>     > Whether it is IP FRR, MPLS FRR, or BIER FRR, the key is that
>     alternative/backup paths are pre-installed. Upon the detection of
>     failure, the PLR uses alternative/backup path before global repair
>     finishes.
>     >
>     > The determination of alternative/backup path can be SPF based
>     (e.g. LFA) which involves IGP, or controller based, or any other way
>     (e.g. static configuration or pre-signaling in case of MPLS). That
>     is not BIER specific.
>     >
>     > Specifically for BIER FRR, when we say "BIER can take advantage of
>     unicast FRR", there are two scenarios/aspects about that:
>     >
>     > 1. BIER does not do any FRR by itself at all (i.e. no
>     primary/backup branches for BIFT entries), but rely on unicast FRR
>     to each BFR neighbor.
> 
>     We still need some BIER-FRR in this case:
>     1) Recognize the failure
>     2) Reroute the packet over the underlay (encapsulation in underlay) as
>     the direct link no longer works. However, it not sending to another
>     neighbor.
> 
>     This only provide link protection not node protection (for the BFR
>     neighbor), though.
> 
>     There is also node protection with tunnel-based BIER-FRR that leverages
>     the protection of the underlay.
> 
>     > 2. BIER does have its own FRR constructs (i.e.,
>     ECMP/primary/backup branches for BIFT entries), but these are still
>     determined based on "unicast" FRR, because we're using the
>     alternative/backup paths to the BFERs. This is not "simply using
>     unicast FRR" - because we do need to create BIER specific forwarding
>     state for those alternative/backup paths (BIER label, F-BM, etc.).
>     It either uses the unicast FRR state (when BIER does follow exact
>     unicast paths) or uses unicast FRR mechanisms (but does not follow
>     exact unicast paths - i.e. unicast and BIER are using incongruent
>     topology or algorithm) - whether it is IGP based or not. This does
>     provide node protection as well as link protection.
> 
>     Here some caveats
>     - If the BIER topology does not contain all the nodes of the underlay,
>     LFAs on the BIER layer may be different.
>     - 100% failure coverage is not possible
>     - If rLFAs/TI-LFA are needed to complete failure coverage on the BIER
>     layer, we've got tunneling again with all its disadvantages, e.g.,
>     possibly redundant packets.
> 
>     Best wishes,
> 
>     Michael
> 
>     >
>     > Jeffrey
>     >
>     > -----Original Message-----
>     > From: BIER <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     On Behalf Of Michael Menth
>     > Sent: Monday, March 22, 2021 2:39 AM
>     > To: Tony Przygienda <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>; Jeff Tantsura
>     <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     > Cc: Greg Mirsky <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>; BIER WG <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>; Huaimo Chen <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>; BIER WG Chairs
>     <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     > Subject: Re: [Bier] WG adoption call for draft-chen-bier-frr-02
>     >
>     > [External Email. Be cautious of content]
>     >
>     >
>     > BIER-FRR is also needed if a BFR-NBR is down. Here, the IGP cannot
>     help.
>     >
>     > BR, Michael
>     >
>     > Am 22.03.2021 um 07:32 schrieb Tony Przygienda:
>     >> AFAIS couple parties pointed out that most useful are
>     considerations for
>     >> BIER FRR in case there is no IGP with LFA in the network and for
>     BIER-TE
>     >> where IGP protection doesn't latch on AFAIS. which I agree with ...
>     >>
>     >> -- tony
>     >>
>     >> On Sun, Mar 21, 2021 at 9:20 PM Jeff Tantsura
>     <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >> <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>> wrote:
>     >>
>     >>     I have exactly same comment.
>     >>     In the past we have witnessed complex and often quite harmful
>     >>     interactions of different protection schemes in multi-layer
>     networking.
>     >>     Think IPFRR on top of SDH/Optical protection. Unless properly
>     >>     coordinated, race conditions and unnecessary service degradation
>     >>     would often be observed.
>     >>     Please spend some time on thinking how different surfaces
>     interact
>     >>     and what would be required to make it work.
>     >>
>     >>
>     >>     Regards,
>     >>     Jeff
>     >>
>     >>>     On Mar 21, 2021, at 10:06, Greg Mirsky
>     <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>     <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>> wrote:
>     >>>
>     >>>     
>     >>>     Hi Huaimo,
>     >>>     perhaps my question was not clearly stated. Let me re-phrase it
>     >>>     and add more detail to the scenario.
>     >>>     As understand the discussion about using IP FRR and BIER FRR
>     >>>     concurrently in the same BIER domain, you are of the opinion
>     that
>     >>>     such a combination is useful while others have expressed some
>     >>>     reservation of its practicality. Do I understand that part
>     of the
>     >>>     discussion correctly?
>     >>>     If we consider multi-layer protection schemes, using IP FRR and
>     >>>     BIER FRR is one of its examples, we should consider operational
>     >>>     issues that a multi-layer scenario introduces. Particularly,
>     >>>     coordination of timers that determine detection of the network
>     >>>     failure and trigger the protection switchover. Such coordination
>     >>>     of OAM parameters and the expected switchover intervals intended
>     >>>     to avoid unnecessary loss of data packets caused by the
>     excessive
>     >>>     of protection switchover in an overlay network.
>     >>>     I missed finding that being discussed in the e-mail you've
>     pointed
>     >>>     out. Perhaps you can quote the part that you believe
>     addressed my
>     >>>     question.
>     >>>
>     >>>     Regards,
>     >>>     Greg
>     >>>
>     >>>     On Fri, Mar 19, 2021 at 9:47 PM Huaimo Chen
>     >>>     <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]> <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>> wrote:
>     >>>
>     >>>         Hi Greg,
>     >>>
>     >>>             Thanks for your comments/questions.
>     >>>             My responses to another email below should
>     address/answer
>     >>>         them.
>     >>>
>     >>>       
>      https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/bier/VsTPRmUi-26VSWrBPzdnLXzPvT0/__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD2kESs5M$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/bier/VsTPRmUi-26VSWrBPzdnLXzPvT0/__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD2kESs5M$>
>     >>>       
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/bier/VsTPRmUi-26VSWrBPzdnLXzPvT0/__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD2kESs5M$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/bier/VsTPRmUi-26VSWrBPzdnLXzPvT0/__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD2kESs5M$>
>     >
>     >>>
>     >>>
>     >>>         Best Regards,
>     >>>         Huaimo
>     >>>       
>      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     >>>         *From:* Greg Mirsky <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>         <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>         *Sent:* Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:45 PM
>     >>>         *To:* Huaimo Chen <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>         <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>         *Cc:* [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>> <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>         <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>>; BIER WG
>     Chairs <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>         <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>         *Subject:* Re: [Bier] WG adoption call for
>     draft-chen-bier-frr-02
>     >>>
>     >>>         Hi Huaimo,
>     >>>         it seems that you are suggesting using IP FRR and BIER
>     FRR in
>     >>>         the same domain. Is my understanding correct? Multi-layer
>     >>>         protection in a network may work but, in my opinion,
>     >>>         overcomplicated network management and operation. Would you
>     >>>         expect that BIER FRR is more responsive to a network failure
>     >>>         than IP FRR? What benefits could be in such a scenario?
>     Which
>     >>>         parameters, in your opinion, need to be coordinated
>     between IP
>     >>>         and BIER layers? I think that if the document includes the
>     >>>         concurrent use of IP FRR and BIER FRR it should provide more
>     >>>         detail on how such a scenario could be realized.
>     >>>
>     >>>         Regards,
>     >>>         Greg
>     >>>
>     >>>         On Tue, Mar 16, 2021 at 10:27 AM Huaimo Chen
>     >>>         <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]> <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>         wrote:
>     >>>
>     >>>             Hi Tony,
>     >>>
>     >>>                 Even though there is IGP running in the network and
>     >>>             the underlay IP FRR is provided, the BIER FRR seems
>     still
>     >>>             needed. All the BIER packets are forwarded using the
>     >>>             BIFTs. They are not forwarded using the normal FIBs with
>     >>>             IP FRR support.  When a failure happens in the network,
>     >>>             the BIER packets will still be forwarded using the old
>     >>>             BIFTs without considering the failure until the old BIFT
>     >>>             is recomputed and updated based on the new network
>     >>>             topology after the failure. During this period (from the
>     >>>             time of the failure to the time at which the BIFTs are
>     >>>             updated), the BIER packets may be lost.
>     >>>
>     >>>             Best Regards,
>     >>>             Huaimo
>     >>>           
>      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     >>>             *From:* Tony Przygienda <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>             <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>             *Sent:* Tuesday, March 16, 2021 12:58 PM
>     >>>             *To:* Huaimo Chen <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>             <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>             *Cc:* Michael Menth <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>             <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>; [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>             <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]> <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>             *Subject:* Re: [Bier] WG adoption call for
>     >>>             draft-chen-bier-frr-02
>     >>>
>     >>>             we need a framework here ;-)
>     >>>
>     >>>             when IGP calculates the underlying FRR it's always a
>     >>>             better solution. Nothing is faster than IGP and anything
>     >>>             calculated as "better FRR" or "backup FRR" will not have
>     >>>             the topology to do a better job/faster than IGP can. So
>     >>>             AFAIS the only real use case here is BIER without IGP
>     >>>             signalling but correct me if I'm wrong
>     >>>
>     >>>             -- tony
>     >>>
>     >>>
>     >>>             On Tue, Mar 16, 2021 at 5:02 PM Huaimo Chen
>     >>>             <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>             <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>> wrote:
>     >>>
>     >>>                 Hi Michael,
>     >>>
>     >>>                     Thanks much for your valuable comments.
>     >>>                     My responses are inline below with prefix [HC].
>     >>>
>     >>>                 Best Regards,
>     >>>                 Huaimo
>     >>>               
>      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     >>>                 *From:* BIER <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>                 <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>> on behalf of Michael
>     >>>                 Menth <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>                 <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>                 *Sent:* Tuesday, March 16, 2021 7:11 AM
>     >>>                 *To:* [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     >>>                 <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>>
>     >>>                 *Subject:* Re: [Bier] WG adoption call for
>     >>>                 draft-chen-bier-frr-02
>     >>>
>     >>>                 Hi Tony, all,
>     >>>
>     >>>                 Am 16.03.2021 um 11:08 schrieb Tony Przygienda:
>     >>>
>     >>>                 > I think it's a good addition within the
>     architecture for the case IGP is
>     >>>                 > not used for signalling, e.g. when controller
>     or static programming.
>     >>>
>     >>>                 Right. The solution may make sense if the routing
>     >>>                 underlay does not
>     >>>                 offer FRR capabilities.
>     >>>
>     >>>                 [HC]: When the routing underlay supports IP FRR, the
>     >>>                 BIER should also
>     >>>                 provide BIER FRR since the BIER packets are
>     forwarded
>     >>>                 using the BIFTs.
>     >>>                 When failures happen in the network, the BIER
>     packets
>     >>>                 are still forwarded
>     >>>                 using the old BIFTs until the old BIFTs are updated
>     >>>                 according to the
>     >>>                 updated network topology after the failures.
>     >>>
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 > The draft must however explain in what
>     scenarios it is used and quote
>     >>>                 > the according IGP drafts to guarantee
>     loop-free behavior (well, BIER
>     >>>                 > will tie-break loops but we'll have 1x
>     microloop & possibly not deliver
>     >>>                 > payload if BIER FRR is not properly
>     computed/intsalled). With that the
>     >>>                 > draft should also pay attention to how the
>     function is deployed/updated
>     >>>                 > network-wide if IGP is not present
>     >>>
>     >>>                 I agree. in the absence of an IGP, the "native
>     >>>                 BIER-FRR on bier layer"
>     >>>                 must be set by a controller.
>     >>>
>     >>>                 [HC]: I agree too.
>     >>>
>     >>>                 So, below the line, an applicability statement would
>     >>>                 be helpful. What
>     >>>                 are those cases?
>     >>>                 - IGP running but without FRR on the routing
>     underlay?
>     >>>                 - No IGP and no FRR on the routing underlay?
>     >>>
>     >>>                 [HC]: When IGP is running in the network, each
>     BFR in
>     >>>                 the network calculates,
>     >>>                 installs and/or updates its BIER FRR BIFTs. The BIER
>     >>>                 FRR in the draft is
>     >>>                 independent of the underlay IP FRR.
>     >>>                 When no IGP is running in the network, the BIER
>     >>>                 controller for the network
>     >>>                 calculates, installs and/or updates the BIER FRR
>     BIFTs
>     >>>                 into BFRs in the network,
>     >>>                 regardless of whether the routing underlay FRR is
>     >>>                 provided.
>     >>>
>     >>>
>     >>>                 However, if the controller takes care of BIER-FRR,
>     >>>                 what could be reasons
>     >>>                 for missing FRR on the routing underlay? If
>     there is a
>     >>>                 FRR on the
>     >>>                 routing underlay (also provided through a
>     controller),
>     >>>                 tunnel-based
>     >>>                 bier-frr solves the problem in a transparent way.
>     >>>
>     >>>                 [HC]: The BIER FRR in the draft is independent
>     of the
>     >>>                 underlay IP FRR.
>     >>>                 Regardless of whether the routing underlay FRR is
>     >>>                 provided, the
>     >>>                 BIER FRR BIFTs are computed in the same way.
>     >>>
>     >>>                 BTW, we studied protection variants for
>     >>>                 controller-based infrastructures
>     >>>                 (for routing underlays, not for BIER). Challenge
>     is to
>     >>>                 keep state low.
>     >>>                 LFA-based solutions help a lot and outperform
>     others.
>     >>>                 100% protection is
>     >>>                 possible with only little additions. Results are
>     >>>                 available:
>     >>>               
>      https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https:*2F*2Fatlas.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de*2F*menth*2Fpapers*2FMenth20-Sub-6.pdf&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=03cc*2BIvdV*2BCg*2F0PCFulWzuCa0h4I5sBqn8K5QPT5BR8*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlfiUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD5dsMDr-$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https:*2F*2Fatlas.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de*2F*menth*2Fpapers*2FMenth20-Sub-6.pdf&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=03cc*2BIvdV*2BCg*2F0PCFulWzuCa0h4I5sBqn8K5QPT5BR8*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlfiUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD5dsMDr-$>
>     >>>               
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https:*2F*2Fatlas.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de*2F*menth*2Fpapers*2FMenth20-Sub-6.pdf&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615768749*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=oSLGnBnwcsrY2gaRZqG*2FLSMOYLNQcG0Mjm9NNVc6TUU*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlfiUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD0qZVOwV$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https:*2F*2Fatlas.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de*2F*menth*2Fpapers*2FMenth20-Sub-6.pdf&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615768749*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=oSLGnBnwcsrY2gaRZqG*2FLSMOYLNQcG0Mjm9NNVc6TUU*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlfiUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD0qZVOwV$>
>     >
>     >>>                 (under
>     >>>                 revision)
>     >>>
>     >>>                 [HC]: Thanks much for your information.
>     >>>
>     >>>
>     >>>                 Regards,
>     >>>
>     >>>                 Michael
>     >>>
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 > thanks
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 > -- tony
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 > On Tue, Mar 16, 2021 at 7:41 AM
>     <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     >>>                 > <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>                 <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>>> wrote:
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 >     A 2-week WG adoption call begins for the
>     following draft:
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 >   
>      https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fdatatracker.ietf.org*2Fdoc*2Fdraft-chen-bier-frr*2F&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=797z0ndM2IahVL2y9xPoY*2BOU5x4*2F3w1FaSWfoF*2BC6pQ*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD4kCzIbt$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fdatatracker.ietf.org*2Fdoc*2Fdraft-chen-bier-frr*2F&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=797z0ndM2IahVL2y9xPoY*2BOU5x4*2F3w1FaSWfoF*2BC6pQ*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD4kCzIbt$>
>     >>>               
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fdatatracker.ietf.org*2Fdoc*2Fdraft-chen-bier-frr*2F&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615778703*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=8wxBypO3zOln7rLaSaXO446xFFfpJfOx4Lr6bKO15z4*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-2jc53f$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fdatatracker.ietf.org*2Fdoc*2Fdraft-chen-bier-frr*2F&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615778703*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=8wxBypO3zOln7rLaSaXO446xFFfpJfOx4Lr6bKO15z4*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-2jc53f$>
>     >
>     >>>                 >   
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fdatatracker.ietf.org*2Fdoc*2Fdraft-chen-bier-frr*2F&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=797z0ndM2IahVL2y9xPoY*2BOU5x4*2F3w1FaSWfoF*2BC6pQ*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD4kCzIbt$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fdatatracker.ietf.org*2Fdoc*2Fdraft-chen-bier-frr*2F&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=797z0ndM2IahVL2y9xPoY*2BOU5x4*2F3w1FaSWfoF*2BC6pQ*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD4kCzIbt$>
>     >>>               
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fdatatracker.ietf.org*2Fdoc*2Fdraft-chen-bier-frr*2F&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615788657*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=evcnoZLl57g4rLoio0gj2Q4XOa26a2cnX4Jt7*2B3Dogg*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVDy4GOze3$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fdatatracker.ietf.org*2Fdoc*2Fdraft-chen-bier-frr*2F&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615788657*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=evcnoZLl57g4rLoio0gj2Q4XOa26a2cnX4Jt7*2B3Dogg*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVDy4GOze3$>
>     >>
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 >     Please indicate your support or objection
>     by March 30th, 2021.
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 >     Authors, please respond to the list
>     indicating whether you are aware
>     >>>                 >     of any IPR that applies to this draft.
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 >     Thanks,
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 >     Sandy (As WG secretary, on behalf of
>     Greg/Tony)
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>                 > _______________________________________________
>     >>>                 > BIER mailing list
>     >>>                 > [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     >>>                 >
>     https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=aZ6*2BjQBpo7k81fqf*2FnYdfer7mS45RlhB0lPT7*2B*2BVm6I*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD6mgG2AP$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=aZ6*2BjQBpo7k81fqf*2FnYdfer7mS45RlhB0lPT7*2B*2BVm6I*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD6mgG2AP$>
>     >>>               
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615788657*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=7kv2BUZk34Y7k9amlOAcHzacQ5ZlDqjGzb4mZWm*2FCXw*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD3ncbA_Y$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615788657*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=7kv2BUZk34Y7k9amlOAcHzacQ5ZlDqjGzb4mZWm*2FCXw*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD3ncbA_Y$>
>     >
>     >>>                 >
>     >>>
>     >>>                 --
>     >>>                 Prof. Dr. habil. Michael Menth
>     >>>                 University of Tuebingen
>     >>>                 Faculty of Science
>     >>>                 Department of Computer Science
>     >>>                 Chair of Communication Networks
>     >>>                 Sand 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
>     >>>                 phone: [phone]
>     >>>                 fax: [phone]
>     >>>                 mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>>                 <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     >>>               
>      https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http*3A*2F*2Fkn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de*2F&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=2gozTq4XIXnxQu2P62mtFSGOEID93679cjqQeAQOPbo*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-zyaVuE$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http*3A*2F*2Fkn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de*2F&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=2gozTq4XIXnxQu2P62mtFSGOEID93679cjqQeAQOPbo*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-zyaVuE$>
>     >>>               
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http*3A*2F*2Fkn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de*2F&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615798609*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=dwQXPxovW3YS99oeGr3*2FdrYKfMFPSR94Xz1ihTfE2l4*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD1u5f6WA$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http*3A*2F*2Fkn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de*2F&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615798609*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=dwQXPxovW3YS99oeGr3*2FdrYKfMFPSR94Xz1ihTfE2l4*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD1u5f6WA$>
>     >
>     >>>
>     >>>                 _______________________________________________
>     >>>                 BIER mailing list
>     >>>                 [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     >>>               
>      https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=aZ6*2BjQBpo7k81fqf*2FnYdfer7mS45RlhB0lPT7*2B*2BVm6I*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD6mgG2AP$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&amp;data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C5d3cb8163c7f4a1557e608d8e86c408f*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637514898966623524*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C3000&amp;sdata=aZ6*2BjQBpo7k81fqf*2FnYdfer7mS45RlhB0lPT7*2B*2BVm6I*3D&amp;reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD6mgG2AP$>
>     >>>               
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615798609*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=w5ocCaRoOrDQ*2BVSeW1*2Bl7MUnqp3TN6InBTmzXx00blc*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD5IrBvov$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615798609*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=w5ocCaRoOrDQ*2BVSeW1*2Bl7MUnqp3TN6InBTmzXx00blc*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD5IrBvov$>
>     >
>     >>>                 _______________________________________________
>     >>>                 BIER mailing list
>     >>>                 [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     >>>               
>      https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$>
>     >>>               
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615808573*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=CibFkXbi9yOCwGTwn8k8tIrMoZvvZgi8DL9EGHE*2Fzys*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD3LYsVdN$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615808573*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=CibFkXbi9yOCwGTwn8k8tIrMoZvvZgi8DL9EGHE*2Fzys*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD3LYsVdN$>
>     >
>     >>>
>     >>>             _______________________________________________
>     >>>             BIER mailing list
>     >>>             [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     <mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     >>>           
>      https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$>
>     >>>           
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615808573*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=CibFkXbi9yOCwGTwn8k8tIrMoZvvZgi8DL9EGHE*2Fzys*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD3LYsVdN$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Fwww.ietf.org*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fbier&data=04*7C01*7Chuaimo.chen*40futurewei.com*7C3d527e94172b4e7234fb08d8e96422e4*7C0fee8ff2a3b240189c753a1d5591fedc*7C1*7C1*7C637515963615808573*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0*3D*7C1000&sdata=CibFkXbi9yOCwGTwn8k8tIrMoZvvZgi8DL9EGHE*2Fzys*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD3LYsVdN$>
>     >
>     >>>
>     >>>     _______________________________________________
>     >>>     BIER mailing list
>     >>>     [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]> <mailto:[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>     >>>   
>      https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$>
>     >>>   
>      <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$>
>     >
>     >>
>     >>
>     >> _______________________________________________
>     >> BIER mailing list
>     >> [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >>
>     https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$>
>     >>
>     >
>     > --
>     > Prof. Dr. habil. Michael Menth
>     > University of Tuebingen
>     > Faculty of Science
>     > Department of Computer Science
>     > Chair of Communication Networks
>     > Sand 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
>     > phone: [phone]
>     > fax: [phone]
>     > mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >
>     https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://kn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD8ejpIeg$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://kn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD8ejpIeg$>
>     >
>     > _______________________________________________
>     > BIER mailing list
>     > [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     >
>     https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$
>     <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/bier__;!!NEt6yMaO-gk!TaBu9R1NIxg6A2oUJwvqyklynKAhxVhSWyMJeXlLJF3k1QaTOWKRs_GVD-s1zfRz$>
>     >
>     > Juniper Business Use Only
>     >
> 
>     -- 
>     Prof. Dr. habil. Michael Menth
>     University of Tuebingen
>     Faculty of Science
>     Department of Computer Science
>     Chair of Communication Networks
>     Sand 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
>     phone: [phone]
>     fax: [phone]
>     mailto:[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>     http://kn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de <http://kn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de>
> 

-- 
Prof. Dr. habil. Michael Menth
University of Tuebingen
Faculty of Science
Department of Computer Science
Chair of Communication Networks
Sand 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
phone: [phone]
fax: [phone]
mailto:[e-mail]
http://kn.inf.uni-tuebingen.de